Viral Meningitis

The Basics

Written by the doctors and editors at UpToDate пїЅ пїЅ

What is meningitis? " пїЅ Meningitis is a condition that can cause a fever, headache, and stiff neck. Meningitis happens when the lining that covers the brain and spinal cord (called the "meninges " пїЅ) gets inflamed or infected. This can occur after a person has an infection in another part of the body. The germs can travel through the blood to the lining of the brain and spinal cord. пїЅ пїЅ

There are 2 main types of meningitis, depending on which germs are causing the infection. Viruses cause viral meningitis, and bacteria cause bacterial meningitis. пїЅ пїЅ

It is important that doctors figure out what kind of meningitis a person has. Thats because bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. It can lead to brain problems or even death. пїЅ пїЅ

Viral meningitis is serious, but not usually as serious as bacterial meningitis. People usually recover from viral meningitis within 1 to 2 weeks without any long-term problems. пїЅ пїЅ

Both viral and bacterial meningitis can have the same symptoms. So the only way a doctor can know for sure which type of meningitis someone has is to do tests in the hospital. пїЅ пїЅ

This article discusses viral meningitis. пїЅ пїЅ

What are the symptoms of viral meningitis? " пїЅ Common symptoms include: пїЅ пїЅ

Fever
Headache
Stiff neck " пїЅ This is most often seen in adults and children. Babies might not get a stiff neck.
Nausea or vomiting
Having light bother a person's eyes

Babies can also have other symptoms, including: пїЅ пїЅ

Not feeding well
Being more sleepy or fussy than usual
A bulging soft spot on the skull

People can have other symptoms, too, depending on the virus that's causing the infection. These can include diarrhea, a runny nose, sore throat, muscle aches, cough, or a rash. A rash can also happen with bacterial meningitis. пїЅ пїЅ

Should I see a doctor or nurse? " пїЅ Yes. If you have a fever, headache, and stiff neck, go to the emergency room right away. If you think that your child has meningitis, bring him or her to the emergency room right away. пїЅ пїЅ

It's very important to go to the hospital if you think you or your child has meningitis. That's because the only way a doctor can make sure someone has viral meningitis " пїЅ and not life-threatening bacterial meningitis " пїЅ is to do tests in the hospital. пїЅ пїЅ

Will I have tests? " пїЅ Yes. Your doctor or nurse will learn about your symptoms and do an exam. He or she will do tests to find out if you have meningitis and which virus is causing it. The tests can include: пїЅ пїЅ

Blood tests
A lumbar puncture (sometimes called a "spinal tap " пїЅ) " пїЅ During this procedure, a doctor puts a thin needle into your lower back and removes a small amount of spinal fluid. Spinal fluid is the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. He or she will do lab tests on the spinal fluid.
A CT scan of the brain " пїЅ This is an imaging test that creates pictures of the brain.
Other tests " пїЅ For example, the doctor can use a cotton swab to collect a sample from the back of the throat. Then he or she can do lab tests on the sample.

How is viral meningitis treated? " пїЅ Treatment for viral meningitis usually includes: пїЅ пїЅ

Resting
Drinking fluids or getting fluids into a vein through a tube called an "IV " пїЅ
Taking an over-the-counter medicine to treat a fever or headache

Viral meningitis is NOT treated with antibiotics. This is because antibiotics treat bacterial infections, and not viral infections. пїЅ пїЅ

Your doctor might recommend other treatment, depending on the virus that's causing the infection. Some viruses can be treated with "antiviral " пїЅ medicines. пїЅ пїЅ

Can meningitis be spread from one person to another? " пїЅ Yes. The viruses that cause meningitis can be spread from one person to another. But even if you catch the virus, it doesn't usually lead to meningitis. пїЅ пїЅ

Can viral meningitis be prevented? " пїЅ To help lower the chance of getting viral meningitis, you can: пїЅ пїЅ

Make sure that you and your children get the vaccines your doctor recommends. Vaccines are treatments that can prevent certain serious infections.
Wash your hands often, especially after you change a diaper or use the bathroom, and before you eat.
Avoid sharing cups or silverware, especially with people who are sick.
Avoid getting bitten by mosquitoes. Some mosquitoes carry viruses that can infect you and lead to meningitis.

All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete. пїЅ пїЅ

This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Nov 04, 2014. пїЅ пїЅ

Topic 16955 Version 4.0 пїЅ пїЅ

Release: 22.8 - C22.208 пїЅ пїЅ

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Viral Meningitis

The Basics

Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer

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