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View OriginalBrian R. Coleman, MD and Kalyanakrishnan Ramakrishnan, MD

Flasar MH, Goldberg E. Acute abdominal pain. Med Clin North Am. 2006;90(3):481 " 503.

Brian R. Coleman, MD and Kalyanakrishnan Ramakrishnan, MD

Flasar MH, Goldberg E. Acute abdominal pain. Med Clin North Am. 2006;90(3):481 " 503.

Absent or Diminished Pulse

Frank J. Domino, MD

Layden J, Michaels J, Bermingham S, et al. Diagnosis and management of lower limb peripheral arterial disease: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2012;345:e4947.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Layden J, Michaels J, Bermingham S, et al. Diagnosis and management of lower limb peripheral arterial disease: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2012;345:e4947.

Acute Kidney Injury (Acute Renal Failure)

Frank J. Domino, MD

Layden J, Michaels J, Bermingham S, et al. Diagnosis and management of lower limb peripheral arterial disease: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2012;345:e4947.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Layden J, Michaels J, Bermingham S, et al. Diagnosis and management of lower limb peripheral arterial disease: summary of NICE guidance. BMJ. 2012;345:e4947.

Adrenocortical Insufficiency

Timothy F. Mott, MD, Leah Soley, MD, and Yummy Nguyen, MD

Bornstein SR. Predisposing factors for adrenal insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(22):2328 " 2339.

Timothy F. Mott, MD, Leah Soley, MD, and Yummy Nguyen, MD

Bornstein SR. Predisposing factors for adrenal insufficiency. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(22):2328 " 2339.

Ageusia

Daniel Y. Kim, MD, FACS

Bromley SM. Smell and taste disorders: a primary care approach. Am Fam Physician. 2000;61(2):427 " 436, 438.

Daniel Y. Kim, MD, FACS

Bromley SM. Smell and taste disorders: a primary care approach. Am Fam Physician. 2000;61(2):427 " 436, 438.

Aldosteronism

Michael Y. Yang, MD and Marc W. McKenna, MD

LeBlanc KE, Cestia W. Carpal tunnel syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(8):952 " 958.

Michael Y. Yang, MD and Marc W. McKenna, MD

LeBlanc KE, Cestia W. Carpal tunnel syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(8):952 " 958.

Alkalosis

Frank J. Domino, MD

Palmer BF, Alpern RJ. Metabolic alkalosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997;8(9):1462 " 1469.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Palmer BF, Alpern RJ. Metabolic alkalosis. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1997;8(9):1462 " 1469.

Alopecia

Richard Haney, DO and Scott P. Grogan, DO, MBA, FAAFP

Mubki T, Rudnicka L, Olszewska M, et al. Evaluation and diagnosis of the hair loss patient: part I. History and clinical examination. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(3):415.e1 " 415.e15.

Richard Haney, DO and Scott P. Grogan, DO, MBA, FAAFP

Mubki T, Rudnicka L, Olszewska M, et al. Evaluation and diagnosis of the hair loss patient: part I. History and clinical examination. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014;71(3):415.e1 " 415.e15.

Amenorrhea, Primary (Absence of Menarche by Age 16 Years)

Jill Ann Grimes, MD

Klein DA, Poth MA. Amenorrhea: an approach to diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2013;87(11):781 " 788.

Jill Ann Grimes, MD

Klein DA, Poth MA. Amenorrhea: an approach to diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2013;87(11):781 " 788.

Amnesia

Robert A. Baldor, MD, FAAFP and Alan M. Ehrlich, MD

Smits M, Dippel DW, Steyerberg EW, et al. Predicting intracranial traumatic findings on computed tomography in patients with minor head injury: the CHIP prediction rule. Ann Intern Med. 2007;146(6):397 " 405.

Robert A. Baldor, MD, FAAFP and Alan M. Ehrlich, MD

Anorexia

Laura Steadman, EdD, CRNP, MSN, RN and Mary Annette Hess, PhD, FNP-BC, CNS

Visvanathan R, Chapman IM. Undernutrition and anorexia in the older person. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2009;38(3):393 " 409.

Laura Steadman, EdD, CRNP, MSN, RN and Mary Annette Hess, PhD, FNP-BC, CNS

Visvanathan R, Chapman IM. Undernutrition and anorexia in the older person. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2009;38(3):393 " 409.

Anuria or Oliguria

Frank J. Domino, MD

Lameire N, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Acute renal failure. Lancet. 2005;365(9457):417 " 430.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Lameire N, Van Biesen W, Vanholder R. Acute renal failure. Lancet. 2005;365(9457):417 " 430.

Ascites

Emmanuel Reyes-Ramos, MD, Steven Zeddun, MD, and Marie L. Borum, MD, EdD, MPH

Runyon BA. Management of adult patients with ascites caused by cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1998;27(1):264 " 272.

Emmanuel Reyes-Ramos, MD, Steven Zeddun, MD, and Marie L. Borum, MD, EdD, MPH

Runyon BA. Management of adult patients with ascites caused by cirrhosis. Hepatology. 1998;27(1):264 " 272.

Atrial Premature Beats

Luis Liu Perez, DO

Hebbar AK, Hueston WJ. Management of common arrhythmias: part I. Supraventricular arrhythmias. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65(12):2479 " 2486.

Luis Liu Perez, DO

Hebbar AK, Hueston WJ. Management of common arrhythmias: part I. Supraventricular arrhythmias. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65(12):2479 " 2486.

Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia

Jeremy S. White, MD, Arka Chatterjee, MD, and Vineet Kumar, MD

Blomstr Άm-Lundqvist C, Scheinman MM, Aliot EM, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias " executive summary. A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for practice guidelines (writing committee to develop guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias) developed in collaboration with NASPE-Heart Rhythm Society. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;42(8):1493 " 1531.

Jeremy S. White, MD, Arka Chatterjee, MD, and Vineet Kumar, MD

Axillary Mass

Frank J. Domino, MD

Donegan WL. Evaluation of a palpable breast mass. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(13):937 " 942.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Donegan WL. Evaluation of a palpable breast mass. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(13):937 " 942.

Babinski Sign

Laurie A.M. Hommema, MD

Singerman J, Lee L. Consistency of the Babinski reflex and its variants. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15(9):960 " 964.

Laurie A.M. Hommema, MD

Singerman J, Lee L. Consistency of the Babinski reflex and its variants. Eur J Neurol. 2008;15(9):960 " 964.

Bleeding Urethral

Julie Ann Johnston, MD

Sharp VJ, Barnes KT, Erickson BA. Assessment of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2013;88(11):747 " 754.

Julie Ann Johnston, MD

Sharp VJ, Barnes KT, Erickson BA. Assessment of asymptomatic microscopic hematuria in adults. Am Fam Physician. 2013;88(11):747 " 754.

Bleeding Gums

Christine S. Persaud, MD and Daniel Y. Kim, MD, FACS

Gupta A, Epstein JB, Cabay RJ. Bleeding disorders of importance in dental care and related patient management. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73(1):77 " 83.

Christine S. Persaud, MD and Daniel Y. Kim, MD, FACS

Gupta A, Epstein JB, Cabay RJ. Bleeding disorders of importance in dental care and related patient management. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73(1):77 " 83.

Breast Discharge

Frank J. Domino, MD

Zervoudis S, Iatrakis G, Economides P, et al. Nipple discharge screening. Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2010;6(1):133 " 151.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Zervoudis S, Iatrakis G, Economides P, et al. Nipple discharge screening. Womens Health (Lond Engl). 2010;6(1):133 " 151.

Breast Pain

Frank J. Domino, MD

Salzman B, Fleegle S, Tully AS. Common breast problems. Am Fam Physician. 2012;86(4):343 " 349.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Salzman B, Fleegle S, Tully AS. Common breast problems. Am Fam Physician. 2012;86(4):343 " 349.

Carbon Monoxide Poisoning, Diagnosis and Management

M. Shawn Morehead, MD, MPH and Catherine Scarbrough, MD

Hampson NB, Piantadosi CA, Thom SR, et al. Practice recommendations in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(11):1095 " 1101.

M. Shawn Morehead, MD, MPH and Catherine Scarbrough, MD

Hampson NB, Piantadosi CA, Thom SR, et al. Practice recommendations in the diagnosis, management, and prevention of carbon monoxide poisoning. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;186(11):1095 " 1101.

Cardiomegaly

Melody L. Strattan, DO and Merrill Krolick, DO, FACC, FACP, FSCAI

Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62(16):e147 " e239.

Melody L. Strattan, DO and Merrill Krolick, DO, FACC, FACP, FSCAI

Carpal Tunnel

Michael Y. Yang, MD and Marc W. McKenna, MD

LeBlanc KE, Cestia W. Carpal tunnel syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(8):952 " 958.

Michael Y. Yang, MD and Marc W. McKenna, MD

LeBlanc KE, Cestia W. Carpal tunnel syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(8):952 " 958.

Cataracts

Heidi S. Millard, MD and Maegen Dupper, MD

Rao GN, Khanna R, Payal A. The global burden of cataract. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011;22(1):4 " 9.

Heidi S. Millard, MD and Maegen Dupper, MD

Rao GN, Khanna R, Payal A. The global burden of cataract. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2011;22(1):4 " 9.

Celiac Disease

Aniruddh A. Patel, MD and Thomas L. Abell, MD

Rubio-Tapia A, Hill ID, Kelly CP, et al. ACG clinical guidelines: diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(5):656 " 676.

Aniruddh A. Patel, MD and Thomas L. Abell, MD

Rubio-Tapia A, Hill ID, Kelly CP, et al. ACG clinical guidelines: diagnosis and management of celiac disease. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(5):656 " 676.

Cervical Bruit

Frank J. Domino, MD

Kuy S, Seabrook GR, Rossi PJ, et al. Management of carotid stenosis in women. JAMA Surg. 2013;148(8):788 " 790.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Kuy S, Seabrook GR, Rossi PJ, et al. Management of carotid stenosis in women. JAMA Surg. 2013;148(8):788 " 790.

Clubbing

Douglas P. Lewis, MD, FAAFP

Chan CW. Evaluation of digital clubbing. Aust Fam Physician. 2015;44(3):113 " 116.

Douglas P. Lewis, MD, FAAFP

Chan CW. Evaluation of digital clubbing. Aust Fam Physician. 2015;44(3):113 " 116.

Coma

Michael Passafaro, DO, DTM&H, FACEP, FACOEP and Deborah A. Lardner, DO, DTM&H

Hocker S, Rabinstein AA. Management of the patient with diminished responsiveness. Neurol Clin. 2012;30(1):1 " 9.

Michael Passafaro, DO, DTM&H, FACEP, FACOEP and Deborah A. Lardner, DO, DTM&H

Hocker S, Rabinstein AA. Management of the patient with diminished responsiveness. Neurol Clin. 2012;30(1):1 " 9.

Cough, Chronic

Amar Kapur, DO

Daly S, Sundar K. Cough. FP Essentials No. 392. Leawood, KS: American Academy of Family Physicians; 2012.

Amar Kapur, DO

Daly S, Sundar K. Cough. FP Essentials No. 392. Leawood, KS: American Academy of Family Physicians; 2012.

Cryptorchidism (Undescenced Testes)

Frank J. Domino, MD

Hutson JM, Clarke MC. Current management of the undescended testicle. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007;16(1):64 " 70.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Hutson JM, Clarke MC. Current management of the undescended testicle. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2007;16(1):64 " 70.

Cushing Syndrome

Frank J. Domino, MD

Boscaro M, Arnaldi G. Approach to the patient with possible Cushing 's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(9):3121 " 3131.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Boscaro M, Arnaldi G. Approach to the patient with possible Cushing 's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(9):3121 " 3131.

Cyanosis, Adult

Noel J.M. Carrasco, MD, FAAP

McMullen SM, Patrick W. Cyanosis. Am J Med. 2013;126(3):210 " 212.

Noel J.M. Carrasco, MD, FAAP

McMullen SM, Patrick W. Cyanosis. Am J Med. 2013;126(3):210 " 212.

Cyanosis, Pediatric

Noel J.M. Carrasco, MD, FAAP

Hiremath G, Kamat D. Diagnostic considerations in infants and children with cyanosis. Pediatr Ann. 2015;44(2):76 " 80.

Noel J.M. Carrasco, MD, FAAP

Hiremath G, Kamat D. Diagnostic considerations in infants and children with cyanosis. Pediatr Ann. 2015;44(2):76 " 80.

Delayed Puberty

Melanie Dawn Altizer, MD and Margaret Whitney, MD

Palmert MR, Dunkel L. Clinical practice. Delayed puberty. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(5):443 " 453.

Melanie Dawn Altizer, MD and Margaret Whitney, MD

Palmert MR, Dunkel L. Clinical practice. Delayed puberty. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(5):443 " 453.

Depressed Mood Associated

Wendy K. Marsh, MD, MSc

Rackley S, Bostwick JM. Depression in medically ill patients. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2012;35(1):231 " 247.

Wendy K. Marsh, MD, MSc

Rackley S, Bostwick JM. Depression in medically ill patients. Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2012;35(1):231 " 247.

Diaphoresis

Lawrence M. Gibbs, MD, MSEd and Bart D. Worthington, DO, MS

Benson RA, Palin R, Holt PJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of hyperhidrosis. BMJ. 2013;347:f6800.

Lawrence M. Gibbs, MD, MSEd and Bart D. Worthington, DO, MS

Benson RA, Palin R, Holt PJ, et al. Diagnosis and management of hyperhidrosis. BMJ. 2013;347:f6800.

Dwarfism

Nicholas J. Michols, DO, ATC and Andrew J. Baldwin, MD

Rogol AD, Hayden GF. Etiologies and early diagnosis of short stature and growth failure in children and adolescents. J Pediatr. 2014;164(5 Suppl):S1.e6 " S14.e6.

Nicholas J. Michols, DO, ATC and Andrew J. Baldwin, MD

Rogol AD, Hayden GF. Etiologies and early diagnosis of short stature and growth failure in children and adolescents. J Pediatr. 2014;164(5 Suppl):S1.e6 " S14.e6.

Dyspareunia

Joseph E. Patruno, MD, Gregory Kainz, DO, and Lisa M. Dapuzzo, MD

Steege JF, Zolnoun DA. Evaluation and treatment of dyspareunia. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(5):1124 " 1136.

Joseph E. Patruno, MD, Gregory Kainz, DO, and Lisa M. Dapuzzo, MD

Steege JF, Zolnoun DA. Evaluation and treatment of dyspareunia. Obstet Gynecol. 2009;113(5):1124 " 1136.

Dyspnea

Onameyore Utuama, MD, MPH, Folashade Omole, MD, FAAFP, and Charles M. Sow, MD

Parshall MB, Schwartzstein RM, Adams L, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012;185(4):435 " 452.

Onameyore Utuama, MD, MPH, Folashade Omole, MD, FAAFP, and Charles M. Sow, MD

Dysuria

Frank J. Domino, MD

Mehnert-Kay SA. Diagnosis and management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(3):451 " 456.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Mehnert-Kay SA. Diagnosis and management of uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Am Fam Physician. 2005;72(3):451 " 456.

Ear Pain Otalgia

Lee J. Herskowitz, DO, MBA

Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, et al. The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 2013;131(3):e964 " e999.

Lee J. Herskowitz, DO, MBA

Lieberthal AS, Carroll AE, Chonmaitree T, et al. The diagnosis and management of acute otitis media. Pediatrics. 2013;131(3):e964 " e999.

Ecchymosis

Tam Nguyen, MD, FAAFP

Rydz N, James PD. Why is my patient bleeding or bruising? Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2012;26(2):321 " 344.

Tam Nguyen, MD, FAAFP

Rydz N, James PD. Why is my patient bleeding or bruising? Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2012;26(2):321 " 344.

Edema, Focal

Sujan Gogu, DO and Fozia Akhtar Ali, MD

Trayes KP, Studdiford JS, Pickle S, et al. Edema: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2013;88(2):102 " 110.

Sujan Gogu, DO and Fozia Akhtar Ali, MD

Trayes KP, Studdiford JS, Pickle S, et al. Edema: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2013;88(2):102 " 110.

Enuresis, Secondary

Frank J. Domino, MD

Franco I, von Gontard A, De Gennaro M. Evaluation and treatment of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a standardization document from the International Children 's Continence Society. J Pediatr Urol. 2013;9(2):234 " 243.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Eye Pain

Karen A. Hughes, MD, FAAFP

Waldman CW, Waldman SD, Waldman RA. A practical approach to ocular pain for the non-opthalmologist. Pain Manag. 2014;4(6):413 " 426.

Karen A. Hughes, MD, FAAFP

Waldman CW, Waldman SD, Waldman RA. A practical approach to ocular pain for the non-opthalmologist. Pain Manag. 2014;4(6):413 " 426.

Facial Flushing

Tae K. Kim, MD and Gemma Kim, MD

Izikson L, English JC III, Zirwas MJ. The flushing patient: differential diagnosis, workup, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(2):193 " 208.

Tae K. Kim, MD and Gemma Kim, MD

Izikson L, English JC III, Zirwas MJ. The flushing patient: differential diagnosis, workup, and treatment. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55(2):193 " 208.

Facial Paralysis

Frank J. Domino, MD

Baugh RF, Basura GJ, Ishii LE, et al. Clinical practice guideline: Bell 's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;149(3)(Suppl):S1 " S27.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Baugh RF, Basura GJ, Ishii LE, et al. Clinical practice guideline: Bell 's palsy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2013;149(3)(Suppl):S1 " S27.

Failure to Thrive

Elisa D. O 'Hern, MD

Cole SZ, Lanham JS. Failure to thrive: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(7):829 " 834.

Elisa D. O 'Hern, MD

Cole SZ, Lanham JS. Failure to thrive: an update. Am Fam Physician. 2011;83(7):829 " 834.

Foot Pain

George G.A. Pujalte, MD, FACSM

Bachmann LM, Kolb E, Koller MT, et al. Accuracy of Ottawa ankle rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and mid-foot: systematic review. BMJ. 2003;326(7386):417.

George G.A. Pujalte, MD, FACSM

Bachmann LM, Kolb E, Koller MT, et al. Accuracy of Ottawa ankle rules to exclude fractures of the ankle and mid-foot: systematic review. BMJ. 2003;326(7386):417.

Glycosuria

Kantima Phisitkul, MD

Limsuwat C, Prabhakar SS. Reversible renal glycosuria in acute interstitial nephritis. Am J Med Sci. 2012;344(3):245 " 247.

Kantima Phisitkul, MD

Limsuwat C, Prabhakar SS. Reversible renal glycosuria in acute interstitial nephritis. Am J Med Sci. 2012;344(3):245 " 247.

Goiter

Leigh G. Rexius, DO and Kristina Burgers, MD, FAAFP

Gharib H, Papini E, Paschke R, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, Associazione Medici Endocrinologi, and EuropeanThyroid Association medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules. Endocr Pract. 2010;16(Suppl 1):1 " 43.

Leigh G. Rexius, DO and Kristina Burgers, MD, FAAFP

Halitosis

David C. Bury, DO and Sean W. Richardson, DO

Singh VP, Malhotra N, Apratim A, et al. Assessment and management of halitosis. Dent Update. 2015;42(4):346 " 348.

David C. Bury, DO and Sean W. Richardson, DO

Singh VP, Malhotra N, Apratim A, et al. Assessment and management of halitosis. Dent Update. 2015;42(4):346 " 348.

Hallucinations

Tad Antognini, MD and Frank J. Domino, MD

Gleason OC. Delirium. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67(5):1027 " 1034.

Tad Antognini, MD and Frank J. Domino, MD

Gleason OC. Delirium. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67(5):1027 " 1034.

Head Injury, Diagnosis and Management

Michael J. Gray, MD, MA, MS, ATC

Swadron SP, LeRoux P, Smith WS, et al. Emergency neurological life support: traumatic brain injury. Neurocit Care. 2012;17(Suppl 1):S112 " S121.

Michael J. Gray, MD, MA, MS, ATC

Swadron SP, LeRoux P, Smith WS, et al. Emergency neurological life support: traumatic brain injury. Neurocit Care. 2012;17(Suppl 1):S112 " S121.

Heart Block (1st, 2nd, and 3rd Degree)

J. Aaron Allgood, DO

Hayden GE, Brady WJ, Pollack M, et al. Electrocardiographic manifestations: diagnosis of atrioventricular block in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 2004;26(1):95 " 106.

J. Aaron Allgood, DO

Hayden GE, Brady WJ, Pollack M, et al. Electrocardiographic manifestations: diagnosis of atrioventricular block in the emergency department. J Emerg Med. 2004;26(1):95 " 106.

Hemianopsia

Robert A. Baldor, MD, FAAFP and Alan M. Ehrlich, MD

Kalra L. Stroke rehabilitation 2009: old chestnuts and new insights. Stroke. 2010;41(2):e88 " e90.

Robert A. Baldor, MD, FAAFP and Alan M. Ehrlich, MD

Kalra L. Stroke rehabilitation 2009: old chestnuts and new insights. Stroke. 2010;41(2):e88 " e90.

Hemochromatosis

Vikesh Khanijow, MD, Bedoor Alabbas, MD, and Marie L. Borum, MD, EdD, MPH

Bacon BR, Adams PC, Kowdley KV, et al. Diagnosis and management of hemochromatosis: 2011 practice guideline by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases. Hepatology. 2011;54(1):328 " 343.Salgia RJ, Brown K. Diagnosis and management of hereditary hemochromatosis. Clin Liver Dis. 2015;19(1):187 " 198.

Vikesh Khanijow, MD, Bedoor Alabbas, MD, and Marie L. Borum, MD, EdD, MPH

Hiccups Persistent Intractable

Vanessa W. McNair, MD, MPH and Jeannette M. McIntyre, MD

Mirijello A, Addolorato G, D 'Angelo C, et al. Baclofen in the treatment of persistent hiccup: a case series. Int J Clin Pract. 2013;67(9):918 " 921.

Vanessa W. McNair, MD, MPH and Jeannette M. McIntyre, MD

Mirijello A, Addolorato G, D 'Angelo C, et al. Baclofen in the treatment of persistent hiccup: a case series. Int J Clin Pract. 2013;67(9):918 " 921.

Hidradenitis Supprativa, Treatment

Frank J. Domino, MD

Alikhan A, Lynch PJ, Eisen DB. Hidradenitis suppurativa: a comprehensive review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(4):539 " 561.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Alikhan A, Lynch PJ, Eisen DB. Hidradenitis suppurativa: a comprehensive review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009;60(4):539 " 561.

Hip/Groin Pain

John Hill, DO and Brian J. Schneider, MD

Wilson JJ, Furukawa M. Evaluation of the patient with hip pain. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(1):27 " 34.

John Hill, DO and Brian J. Schneider, MD

Wilson JJ, Furukawa M. Evaluation of the patient with hip pain. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(1):27 " 34.

Hirsutism

Patricia Beauzile, MD, Tiffany Tonismae, MD, and Melanie Dawn Altizer, MD

Somani N, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF. The clinical evaluation of hirsutism. Dermatol Ther. 2008;21(5):376 " 391.

Patricia Beauzile, MD, Tiffany Tonismae, MD, and Melanie Dawn Altizer, MD

Somani N, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF. The clinical evaluation of hirsutism. Dermatol Ther. 2008;21(5):376 " 391.

Horner Syndrome

Robert A. Baldor, MD, FAAFP and Alan M. Ehrlich, MD

Bazari F, Hind M, Ong YE. Horner 's syndrome " not to be sneezed at. Lancet. 2010;375(9716):776.

Robert A. Baldor, MD, FAAFP and Alan M. Ehrlich, MD

Bazari F, Hind M, Ong YE. Horner 's syndrome " not to be sneezed at. Lancet. 2010;375(9716):776.

Hypergammaglobulinemia

Ernestine Lee, MD

Bridoux F, Leung N, Hutchison CA, et al. Diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance. Kidney Int. 2015;87(4):698 " 711.

Ernestine Lee, MD

Bridoux F, Leung N, Hutchison CA, et al. Diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance. Kidney Int. 2015;87(4):698 " 711.

Hyperglycemia

Jasmine S. Beria, DO, MPH and Oksana Davydov, MD

Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes " 2015. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(Suppl 1): S1 " S93.

Jasmine S. Beria, DO, MPH and Oksana Davydov, MD

Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes " 2015. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(Suppl 1): S1 " S93.

Hyperkinesis

Steven J. Crosby, MA, BSP, RPh, FASCP, Antoun Houranieh, RPh, MS, PhD, and Ildiko Halasz, MD

Sharma A, Couture J. A review of the pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ann Pharmacother. 2014;48(2):209 " 225.

Steven J. Crosby, MA, BSP, RPh, FASCP, Antoun Houranieh, RPh, MS, PhD, and Ildiko Halasz, MD

Sharma A, Couture J. A review of the pathophysiology, etiology, and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Ann Pharmacother. 2014;48(2):209 " 225.

Hypersomnia

Stephanie L. Conway, PharmD, RPh and Gerald Gleich, MD

American Medical Directors Association. Sleep Disorders. Columbia, MD: American Medical Directors Association; 2006:38.

Stephanie L. Conway, PharmD, RPh and Gerald Gleich, MD

American Medical Directors Association. Sleep Disorders. Columbia, MD: American Medical Directors Association; 2006:38.

Hypertension and Elevated Blood Pressure, Treatment

Dinesh Yogaratnam, PharmD, Jason E. Cross, PharmD, and Sudeep K. Aulakh, MD, FACP, FRCPC

Weber MA, Schiffrin EL, White WB, et al. Clinical practical guidelines for the management of hypertension in the community a statement by the American Society of Hypertension and the International Society of Hypertension. J Hypertens. 2014;32(1):3 " 15. doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000000065.

Dinesh Yogaratnam, PharmD, Jason E. Cross, PharmD, and Sudeep K. Aulakh, MD, FACP, FRCPC

Hypomagnesemia

Matthew E. Bryant, MD

Jahnen-Dechent W, Ketteler M. Magnesium basics. Clin Kidney J. 2012;5(Suppl 1):i3 " i14.

Matthew E. Bryant, MD

Jahnen-Dechent W, Ketteler M. Magnesium basics. Clin Kidney J. 2012;5(Suppl 1):i3 " i14.

Hypothermia

Frank J. Domino, MD

Smith DL. Anemia in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 2000;62(7):1565 " 1572.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Smith DL. Anemia in the elderly. Am Fam Physician. 2000;62(7):1565 " 1572.

Hypovolemia, Diagnosis and Treatment, Adult

Abid Khan, MD and Harry Richter, III, MD

Kobayashi L, Costantini TW, Coimbra R. Hypovolemic shock resuscitation. Surg Clin North Am. 2012;92(6):1403 " 1423.

Abid Khan, MD and Harry Richter, III, MD

Kobayashi L, Costantini TW, Coimbra R. Hypovolemic shock resuscitation. Surg Clin North Am. 2012;92(6):1403 " 1423.

Hypoxemia

Brenda W. Iddins, DNP, FNP-BC, James D. Blake, MD, and Ramona Roach-Davis, DNP, FNP-BC

Madsen PH, Hess S, Madsen HD. A case of unexplained hypoxemia. Respir Care. 2012;57(11):1963 " 1966.

Brenda W. Iddins, DNP, FNP-BC, James D. Blake, MD, and Ramona Roach-Davis, DNP, FNP-BC

Madsen PH, Hess S, Madsen HD. A case of unexplained hypoxemia. Respir Care. 2012;57(11):1963 " 1966.

Insomnia, Chronic

Frank J. Domino, MD

Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC. Treatment options for insomnia. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(4):517 " 526.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Ramakrishnan K, Scheid DC. Treatment options for insomnia. Am Fam Physician. 2007;76(4):517 " 526.

Intellectual Disability

Conrad H. Vinalon, MD and Ajoy Kumar, MD, FAAFP

Moeschler JB, Shevell M. Comprehensive evaluation of the child with intellectual disability or global developmental delays. Pediatrics. 2014;134(3):e903 " e918.

Conrad H. Vinalon, MD and Ajoy Kumar, MD, FAAFP

Moeschler JB, Shevell M. Comprehensive evaluation of the child with intellectual disability or global developmental delays. Pediatrics. 2014;134(3):e903 " e918.

Intestinal Obstruction

Frank J. Domino, MD

Maloney N, Vargas HD. Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie 's syndrome). Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2005;18(2):96 " 101.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Maloney N, Vargas HD. Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie 's syndrome). Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2005;18(2):96 " 101.

Jaundice, Newborn

Jacob Michael Bright, DO and Stephen J. Conner, MD

Muchowski KE. Evaluation and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(11):873 " 878.

Jacob Michael Bright, DO and Stephen J. Conner, MD

Muchowski KE. Evaluation and treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Am Fam Physician. 2014;89(11):873 " 878.

Junctional Rhythms

Timothy J. Taylor, DO, Sean Rea, DO, and Robert M. Hasty, DO, FACOI, FACP

Blomstr Άm-Lundqvist C, Scheinman MM, Aliot EM, et al. ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for the management of patients with supraventricular arrhythmias " executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the European Society of Cardiology Committee for Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Supraventricular Arrhythmias). Circulation. 2003;108(15):1871 " 1909.

Timothy J. Taylor, DO, Sean Rea, DO, and Robert M. Hasty, DO, FACOI, FACP

Low Back Pain, Acute

Vasilios Chrisostomidis, DO

Casazza BA. Diagnosis and treatment of acute low back pain. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(4):343 " 350.

Vasilios Chrisostomidis, DO

Casazza BA. Diagnosis and treatment of acute low back pain. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(4):343 " 350.

Lower Extremity (Leg) Ulcer

Robert H. Gray, MD, MS and Robert K. Persons, DO

Kirsner RS, Vivas AC. Lower-extremity ulcers: diagnosis and management. Br J Dermatol. 2015;173(2):379 " 390.

Robert H. Gray, MD, MS and Robert K. Persons, DO

Kirsner RS, Vivas AC. Lower-extremity ulcers: diagnosis and management. Br J Dermatol. 2015;173(2):379 " 390.

Malabsorption Syndrome

Tya-Mae Y. Julien, MD

Xanthakos SA. Nutritional deficiencies in obesity and after bariatric surgery. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009;56(5):1105 " 1121.

Tya-Mae Y. Julien, MD

Xanthakos SA. Nutritional deficiencies in obesity and after bariatric surgery. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2009;56(5):1105 " 1121.

Menorrhagia and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding

Aimie Zale, MD and Frank J. Domino, MD

Sweet MG, Schmidt-Dalton TA, Weiss PM, et al. Evaluation and management of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(1):35 " 43.

Aimie Zale, MD and Frank J. Domino, MD

Sweet MG, Schmidt-Dalton TA, Weiss PM, et al. Evaluation and management of abnormal uterine bleeding in premenopausal women. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(1):35 " 43.

Metabolic Acidosis

Marina MacNamara, MD, MPH and Paul George, MD, MHPE

Rice M, Ismail B, Pillow MT. Approach to metabolic acidosis in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2014;32(2):403 " 420.

Marina MacNamara, MD, MPH and Paul George, MD, MHPE

Rice M, Ismail B, Pillow MT. Approach to metabolic acidosis in the emergency department. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 2014;32(2):403 " 420.

Monocytosis

Jasmine S. Beria, DO, MPH and Maria M. Plummer, MD

Dunphy CH. Bone marrow evaluation of monocytosis. Diagn Histopathol. 2009;15(3):116 " 124.

Jasmine S. Beria, DO, MPH and Maria M. Plummer, MD

Dunphy CH. Bone marrow evaluation of monocytosis. Diagn Histopathol. 2009;15(3):116 " 124.

Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)

Veronica J. Ruston, DO, Capt, USAF, MC

Kastor JA. Multifocal atrial tachycardia. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(24):1713 " 1717.

Veronica J. Ruston, DO, Capt, USAF, MC

Kastor JA. Multifocal atrial tachycardia. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(24):1713 " 1717.

Multiple Sclerosis, Treatment

David C. Bury, DO, Julian Vega, DO, and Joshua Scott Will, DO

Wingerchuk DM, Carter JL. Multiple sclerosis: current and emerging disease-modifying therapies and treatment strategies. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(2):225 " 240.

David C. Bury, DO, Julian Vega, DO, and Joshua Scott Will, DO

Wingerchuk DM, Carter JL. Multiple sclerosis: current and emerging disease-modifying therapies and treatment strategies. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89(2):225 " 240.

Muscular Atrophy

Papia Nasiri, MD, Neha Kaushik, MD, and George G.A. Pujalte, MD, FACSM

Saguil A. Evaluation of the patient with muscle weakness. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71(7):1327 " 1336.

Papia Nasiri, MD, Neha Kaushik, MD, and George G.A. Pujalte, MD, FACSM

Saguil A. Evaluation of the patient with muscle weakness. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71(7):1327 " 1336.

Neck Pain

Michael A. Malone, MD and Neha Kaushik, MD

Cohen SP. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neck pain. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(2):284 " 299.

Michael A. Malone, MD and Neha Kaushik, MD

Cohen SP. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of neck pain. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90(2):284 " 299.

Neck Swelling

Micaela Atkins, MD and Frank J. Domino, MD

Rosenberg TL, Brown JJ, Jefferson GD. Evaluating the adult patient with a neck mass. Med Clin North Am. 2010;94(5):1017 " 1029.

Micaela Atkins, MD and Frank J. Domino, MD

Rosenberg TL, Brown JJ, Jefferson GD. Evaluating the adult patient with a neck mass. Med Clin North Am. 2010;94(5):1017 " 1029.

Nephrotic Syndrome

Frank J. Domino, MD

Kodner C. Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2009;80(10):1129 " 1134.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Kodner C. Nephrotic syndrome in adults: diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2009;80(10):1129 " 1134.

Neuropathy Peripheral

Amy Chen, MD, PhD and David N. Herrmann, MBBCh

Azhary H, Farooq MU, Bhanushali M, et al. Peripheral neuropathy: differential diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(7):887 " 892.

Amy Chen, MD, PhD and David N. Herrmann, MBBCh

Azhary H, Farooq MU, Bhanushali M, et al. Peripheral neuropathy: differential diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(7):887 " 892.

Nocturia

Dennis Smith, DO and James L. Taylor, PharmD

Ouslander JG. Management of overactive bladder. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(8):786 " 799.

Dennis Smith, DO and James L. Taylor, PharmD

Ouslander JG. Management of overactive bladder. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(8):786 " 799.

Nystagmus

T. Ray Perrine, MS, MD, FAAFP

Tusa RJ. Dizziness. Med Clin North Am. 2009;93(2):263 " 271.

T. Ray Perrine, MS, MD, FAAFP

Tusa RJ. Dizziness. Med Clin North Am. 2009;93(2):263 " 271.

Opioid Dependence

Umer Farooq, MBBS, MD

Clinical guidelines for the use of buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid addiction. http://buprenorphine.samhsa.gov/Bup_Guidelines.pdf

Umer Farooq, MBBS, MD

Clinical guidelines for the use of buprenorphine in the treatment of opioid addiction. http://buprenorphine.samhsa.gov/Bup_Guidelines.pdf

Optic Atrophy

Adam K. Saperstein, MD, FAAFP, Donovan S. Reed, BS, and Roger Allan Anderson, MD

Lee AG, Chau FY, Golnik KC, et al. The diagnostic yield of the evaluation for isolated unexplained optic atrophy. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(5):757 " 759.

Adam K. Saperstein, MD, FAAFP, Donovan S. Reed, BS, and Roger Allan Anderson, MD

Lee AG, Chau FY, Golnik KC, et al. The diagnostic yield of the evaluation for isolated unexplained optic atrophy. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(5):757 " 759.

Pain in Upper Extremity

Shane L. Larson, MD and Derek G. Zickgraf, DO

Ponnappan RK, Khan M, Matzon JL, et al. Clinical differentiation of upper extremity pain etiologies. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23(8):492 " 500.

Shane L. Larson, MD and Derek G. Zickgraf, DO

Ponnappan RK, Khan M, Matzon JL, et al. Clinical differentiation of upper extremity pain etiologies. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2015;23(8):492 " 500.

Pallor

Boris E. Calderon, DO and Robert M. Hasty, DO, FACOI, FACP

Pacagnella R, Souza J, Durocher J, et al. A systematic review of the relationship between blood loss and clinical signs. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(3):e57594.

Boris E. Calderon, DO and Robert M. Hasty, DO, FACOI, FACP

Pacagnella R, Souza J, Durocher J, et al. A systematic review of the relationship between blood loss and clinical signs. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(3):e57594.

Pancreatitis, Acute

Maurice F. Joyce, MD, EdM and Mitchell A. Cahan, MD, MBA, FACS

Wu BU, Banks PA. Clinical management of patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(6):1272 " 1281.

Maurice F. Joyce, MD, EdM and Mitchell A. Cahan, MD, MBA, FACS

Wu BU, Banks PA. Clinical management of patients with acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2013;144(6):1272 " 1281.

Parathyroid Hormone, Elevated Serum

Frank J. Domino, MD

Mikhail N, Cope D. Evaluation and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. JAMA. 2005;294(21):2700.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Mikhail N, Cope D. Evaluation and treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism. JAMA. 2005;294(21):2700.

Pelvic Girdle Pain

Alison Mancuso, DO, John R. Luksch, DO, and Marie Luksch, DO

Kanakaris NK, Roberts CS, Giannoudis PV. Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: an update. BMC Med. 2011;9:15.

Alison Mancuso, DO, John R. Luksch, DO, and Marie Luksch, DO

Kanakaris NK, Roberts CS, Giannoudis PV. Pregnancy-related pelvic girdle pain: an update. BMC Med. 2011;9:15.

Periorbital Edema

Wesley M. Theurer, DO, MBA, MPH

Carlisle RT, Digiovanni J. Differential diagnosis of the swollen red eyelid. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(2):106 " 112.

Wesley M. Theurer, DO, MBA, MPH

Carlisle RT, Digiovanni J. Differential diagnosis of the swollen red eyelid. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(2):106 " 112.

Pharyngitis

Frank J. Domino, MD

Shulman ST, Bisno AL, Clegg HW, et al. Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis: 2012 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55(10):1279 " 1282.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Photophobia

Yasir Ahmed, MD, Ingrid U. Scott, MD, MPH, and Harry W. Flynn, Jr., MD

Digre KB, Brennan KC. Shedding light on photophobia. J Neuroophthalmol. 2012;32(1):68 " 81.

Yasir Ahmed, MD, Ingrid U. Scott, MD, MPH, and Harry W. Flynn, Jr., MD

Digre KB, Brennan KC. Shedding light on photophobia. J Neuroophthalmol. 2012;32(1):68 " 81.

Pleural Effusion

Carlos Martinez-Balzano, MD and Scott E. Kopec, MD

Saguil A, Wyrick K, Hallgren J. Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(2):99 " 104.

Carlos Martinez-Balzano, MD and Scott E. Kopec, MD

Saguil A, Wyrick K, Hallgren J. Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion. Am Fam Physician. 2014;90(2):99 " 104.

Polydipsia

Heidi S. Millard, MD and Maegen Dupper, MD

Atsariyasing W, Goldman MB. A systematic review of the ability of urine concentration to distinguish antipsychotic- from psychosis-induced hyponatremia. Psychiatry Res. 2014;217(3):129 " 133.

Heidi S. Millard, MD and Maegen Dupper, MD

Atsariyasing W, Goldman MB. A systematic review of the ability of urine concentration to distinguish antipsychotic- from psychosis-induced hyponatremia. Psychiatry Res. 2014;217(3):129 " 133.

Polyphagia

John R. Torro, MD

Berthoud HR, Lenard NR, Shin AC. Food reward, hyperphagia, and obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011; 300(6):R1266 " R1277.

John R. Torro, MD

Berthoud HR, Lenard NR, Shin AC. Food reward, hyperphagia, and obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2011; 300(6):R1266 " R1277.

Polyuria

Dennis Smith, DO and James L. Taylor, PharmD

Jakes AD, Bhandari S. Investigating polyuria. BMJ. 2013;347:f6772.

Dennis Smith, DO and James L. Taylor, PharmD

Jakes AD, Bhandari S. Investigating polyuria. BMJ. 2013;347:f6772.

Popliteal Mass

Shane L. Larson, MD and Derek G. Zickgraf, DO

Han HH, Kim JM, Moon SH. A cystic mass in the popliteal fossa and its differential diagnosis. Arch Plast Surg. 2015;42(4):484 " 486.

Shane L. Larson, MD and Derek G. Zickgraf, DO

Han HH, Kim JM, Moon SH. A cystic mass in the popliteal fossa and its differential diagnosis. Arch Plast Surg. 2015;42(4):484 " 486.

Premature Ventricular Contractions

Amy M. Singer, DO and Fozia Akhtar Ali, MD

Wexler RK, Pleister A, Raman S. Outpatient approach to palpitations. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(1):63 " 69.

Amy M. Singer, DO and Fozia Akhtar Ali, MD

Wexler RK, Pleister A, Raman S. Outpatient approach to palpitations. Am Fam Physician. 2011;84(1):63 " 69.

Pupil Abnormalities

Felix B. Chang, MD, DABMA, FAAMA and Cinthya Pena Orbea, MD

Kawasaki AK. Diagnostic approach to pupillary abnormalities. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014;20(4 Neuro-ophthalmology):1008 " 1022.

Felix B. Chang, MD, DABMA, FAAMA and Cinthya Pena Orbea, MD

Kawasaki AK. Diagnostic approach to pupillary abnormalities. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2014;20(4 Neuro-ophthalmology):1008 " 1022.

Pyuria

Lauren C. Mitchell, DO and Jennifer Bepko, MD

Wise GJ, Schlegel PN. Sterile pyuria. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(24):1048 " 1054.

Lauren C. Mitchell, DO and Jennifer Bepko, MD

Wise GJ, Schlegel PN. Sterile pyuria. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(24):1048 " 1054.

Radiopaque Lesion of Lung

Leslie A. Waldman, MD, FAAFP and Ruth Smith, MD

Gould MK, Donington J, Lynch WR, et al. Evaluation of individuals with pulmonary nodules: when is it lung cancer? Diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Chest. 2013;143(5 suppl):e93S " e120S.

Leslie A. Waldman, MD, FAAFP and Ruth Smith, MD

Raynaud Phenomenon

Cindy J. Chambers, MD, MAS, MPH, Ronald G. Chambers, Jr., MD, FAAFP, and Victoria R. Sharon, MD, DTMH

Herrick AL. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Raynaud phenomenon. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8(8):469 " 479.

Cindy J. Chambers, MD, MAS, MPH, Ronald G. Chambers, Jr., MD, FAAFP, and Victoria R. Sharon, MD, DTMH

Herrick AL. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Raynaud phenomenon. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012;8(8):469 " 479.

Rectal Pain

Lakshmi D.N. Lattimer, MD and Marie L. Borum, MD, EdD, MPH

Fargo MV, Latimer KM. Evaluation and management of common anorectal conditions. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(6):624 " 630.

Lakshmi D.N. Lattimer, MD and Marie L. Borum, MD, EdD, MPH

Fargo MV, Latimer KM. Evaluation and management of common anorectal conditions. Am Fam Physician. 2012;85(6):624 " 630.

Reflexes, Hyperactive

Shari L. Gentry, MD and Barry C. Gentry, MD

Azhary H, Farooq MU, Bhanushali M, et al. Peripheral neuropathy: differential diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(7):887 " 892.

Shari L. Gentry, MD and Barry C. Gentry, MD

Azhary H, Farooq MU, Bhanushali M, et al. Peripheral neuropathy: differential diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(7):887 " 892.

Reflexes, Hypoactive

Shari L. Gentry, MD and Barry C. Gentry, MD

Azhary H, Farooq MU, Bhanushali M, et al. Peripheral neuropathy: differential diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(7):887 " 892.

Shari L. Gentry, MD and Barry C. Gentry, MD

Azhary H, Farooq MU, Bhanushali M, et al. Peripheral neuropathy: differential diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician. 2010;81(7):887 " 892.

Renal Calculi

Frank J. Domino, MD

Worcester EM, Coe FL. Clinical practice. Calcium kidney stones. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(10):954 " 963.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Worcester EM, Coe FL. Clinical practice. Calcium kidney stones. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(10):954 " 963.

Restless Legs Syndrome

Chidinma Osineme, MD

Garcia-Borreguero D, Stillman P, Benes H, et al. Algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome in primary care. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:28.

Chidinma Osineme, MD

Garcia-Borreguero D, Stillman P, Benes H, et al. Algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of restless legs syndrome in primary care. BMC Neurol. 2011;11:28.

Rhinitis Chronic

Sheryl Beard, MD, FAAFP

Beard S. Rhinitis. Prim Care. 2014;41(1):33 " 46.

Sheryl Beard, MD, FAAFP

Beard S. Rhinitis. Prim Care. 2014;41(1):33 " 46.

Shoulder Pain, Diagnosis

Thomas S. Hoke, MD and William W. Dexter, MD, FACSM

Hegedus EJ, Goode AP, Cook CE, et al. Which physical examination tests provide clinicians with the most value when examining the shoulder? Update of a systemic review with meta-analysis of individual tests. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(14):964 " 978.

Thomas S. Hoke, MD and William W. Dexter, MD, FACSM

Sick Sinus Syndrome

Michael J. Gray, MD, MA, MS, ATC

Ad ‘n V, Crown LA. Diagnosis and treatment of sick sinus syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67(8):1725 " 1732.

Michael J. Gray, MD, MA, MS, ATC

Ad ‘n V, Crown LA. Diagnosis and treatment of sick sinus syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2003;67(8):1725 " 1732.

Stroke

Michael Passafaro, DO, DTM&H, FACEP, FACOEP and Deborah A. Lardner, DO, DTM&H

Jauch EC, Saver JL, Adams HP Jr, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2013;44(3):870 " 947.

Michael Passafaro, DO, DTM&H, FACEP, FACOEP and Deborah A. Lardner, DO, DTM&H

Tall Stature

Caitlyn M. Rerucha, MD

Barstow C, Rerucha C. Evaluation of short and tall stature in children. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(1):43 " 50.

Caitlyn M. Rerucha, MD

Barstow C, Rerucha C. Evaluation of short and tall stature in children. Am Fam Physician. 2015;92(1):43 " 50.

Thyroid Nodule

Lisa M. Harris, DO

Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016;26(1):1 " 133.

Lisa M. Harris, DO

Torsade de Pointes (TdP): Variant form of Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (VT)

Boris E. Calderon, DO and Robert M. Hasty, DO, FACOI, FACP

Sauer AJ, Newton-Cheh C. Clinical and genetic determinants of torsade de pointes risk. Circulation. 2012;125(13):1684 " 1694.

Boris E. Calderon, DO and Robert M. Hasty, DO, FACOI, FACP

Sauer AJ, Newton-Cheh C. Clinical and genetic determinants of torsade de pointes risk. Circulation. 2012;125(13):1684 " 1694.

Tuberculosis, Treatment (Latent)

Marina MacNamara, MD, MPH and Paul George, MD, MHPE

Vernon A. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;34(1):67 " 86.

Marina MacNamara, MD, MPH and Paul George, MD, MHPE

Vernon A. Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;34(1):67 " 86.

Urethral Discharge

Frank J. Domino, MD

Workowski KA, Berman S. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-12):1 " 110.

Frank J. Domino, MD

Workowski KA, Berman S. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-12):1 " 110.

Ventricular Fibrillation, Wide Complex Tachycardia (VT and Non-VT)

Jeremy Golding, MD, FAAFP, Cameron M. Shawver, DO, and Marvin H. Sineath, Jr., MD, CAQSM

Neumar RW, Otto CW, Link MS, et al. Part 8: adult advanced cardiovascular life support: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010;122(18)(Suppl 3):S729 " S767.

Jeremy Golding, MD, FAAFP, Cameron M. Shawver, DO, and Marvin H. Sineath, Jr., MD, CAQSM