(hye droks ee proe JES te rone CAP ro ate)
Preterm birth: To reduce the risk of preterm birth in women with a singleton pregnancy who have a history of singleton spontaneous preterm birth.
Limitation of use: Safety and efficacy have been demonstrated only in women with a prior spontaneous singleton preterm birth. Use is not intended for women with multiple gestations or other risk factors for preterm birth.
Current or history of thrombosis or thromboembolic disorders; breast cancer or other hormone-sensitive cancer (known, suspected, or history of); undiagnosed abnormal vaginal bleeding unrelated to pregnancy; cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy; liver tumors (benign or malignant) or active liver disease; uncontrolled hypertension.
Documentation of allergenic cross-reactivity for progestins is limited. However, because of similarities in chemical structure and/or pharmacologic actions, the possibility of cross-sensitivity cannot be ruled out with certainty.
Preterm birth: Pregnant females ≥16 years: IM: 250 mg once weekly (every 7 days). Treatment may begin between 16 weeks 0 days and 20 weeks 6 days of gestation. Continue weekly administration until 37 weeks gestation or until delivery, whichever comes first.
No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer 's labeling (has not been studied).
No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer 's labeling (has not been studied). However, hydroxyprogesterone caproate is extensively metabolized and hepatic impairment may reduce its elimination.
For IM administration into the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus. Withdraw dose using an 18 gauge needle; inject dose using a 21 gauge 11/2 inch needle. Administer by slow injection ( ≥1 minute). Solution is viscous and oily; do not use if solution is cloudy or contains solid particles. Apply pressure to injection site to decrease bruising and swelling.
Hazardous agent; use appropriate precautions for handling and disposal (NIOSH 2014 [group 2]).
Store upright at controlled room temperature of 15 ‚ °C to 30 ‚ °C (59 ‚ °F to 86 ‚ °F); protect from light. Discard multidose vial within 5 weeks of first use.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Oil, Intramuscular:
Makena: 250 mg/mL (5 mL) [contains benzyl alcohol, benzyl benzoate, castor oil (ricine oil)]
Makena: 250 mg/mL (1 mL) [contains benzyl benzoate, castor oil (ricine oil)]
Solution, Intramuscular:
Generic: 1.25 g/5 mL (5 mL)
Anticoagulants: Progestins may diminish the therapeutic effect of Anticoagulants. More specifically, the potential prothrombotic effects of some progestins and progestin-estrogen combinations may counteract anticoagulant effects. Management: Carefully weigh the prospective benefits of progestins against the potential increased risk of procoagulant effects and thromboembolism. Use is considered contraindicated under some circumstances. Refer to related guidelines for specific recommendations. Consider therapy modification
Antidiabetic Agents: Hyperglycemia-Associated Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Antidiabetic Agents. Monitor therapy
Aprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Bosentan: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
C1 inhibitors: Progestins may enhance the thrombogenic effect of C1 inhibitors. Monitor therapy
Conivaptan: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Avoid combination
CYP2A6 Substrates: CYP2A6 Inducers (Strong) may increase the metabolism of CYP2A6 Substrates. Management: Consider an alternative for one of the interacting drugs. Some combinations may be specifically contraindicated. Consult appropriate manufacturer labeling. Consider therapy modification
CYP3A4 Inducers (Moderate): May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inducers (Strong): May increase the metabolism of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Consider an alternative for one of the interacting drugs. Some combinations may be specifically contraindicated. Consult appropriate manufacturer labeling. Consider therapy modification
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate): May decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Strong): May decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 Substrates. Consider therapy modification
Dabrafenib: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Seek alternatives to the CYP3A4 substrate when possible. If concomitant therapy cannot be avoided, monitor clinical effects of the substrate closely (particularly therapeutic effects). Consider therapy modification
Dasatinib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Deferasirox: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Enzalutamide: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Concurrent use of enzalutamide with CYP3A4 substrates that have a narrow therapeutic index should be avoided. Use of enzalutamide and any other CYP3A4 substrate should be performed with caution and close monitoring. Consider therapy modification
Fosaprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Fusidic Acid (Systemic): May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Avoid combination
Herbs (Progestogenic Properties) (eg, Bloodroot, Yucca): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Progestins. Monitor therapy
Idelalisib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Avoid combination
Ivacaftor: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Luliconazole: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
MiFEPRIStone: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Minimize doses of CYP3A4 substrates, and monitor for increased concentrations/toxicity, during and 2 weeks following treatment with mifepristone. Avoid cyclosporine, dihydroergotamine, ergotamine, fentanyl, pimozide, quinidine, sirolimus, and tacrolimus. Consider therapy modification
Mitotane: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Doses of CYP3A4 substrates may need to be adjusted substantially when used in patients being treated with mitotane. Consider therapy modification
Netupitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Osimertinib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Osimertinib may decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Palbociclib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Pomalidomide: Progestins may enhance the thrombogenic effect of Pomalidomide. Management: Canadian pomalidomide labeling recommends caution with use of hormone replacement therapy and states that hormonal contraceptives are not recommended. US pomalidomide labeling does not contain these specific recommendations. Consider therapy modification
Siltuximab: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Simeprevir: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
St Johns Wort: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Consider an alternative for one of the interacting drugs. Some combinations may be specifically contraindicated. Consult appropriate manufacturer labeling. Consider therapy modification
Stiripentol: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Use of stiripentol with CYP3A4 substrates that are considered to have a narrow therapeutic index should be avoided due to the increased risk for adverse effects and toxicity. Any CYP3A4 substrate used with stiripentol requires closer monitoring. Consider therapy modification
Tocilizumab: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Ulipristal: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Progestins. Progestins may diminish the therapeutic effect of Ulipristal. Management: Ulipristal for uterine fibroids (Canadian indication): avoid progestins within 12 days of stopping ulipristal; as emergency contraceptive (U.S. indication): avoid progestins within 5 days of stopping ulipristal. Avoid combination
Signs and symptoms of thromboembolic disorders; patients at risk for fluid retention; signs or symptoms of depression; glucose in patients with prediabetes or diabetes; signs and symptoms of jaundice; or blood pressure
>10%:
Dermatologic: Urticaria (12%)
Genitourinary: Preterm labor (admission: 16%)
Local: Pain at injection site (35%), swelling at injection site (17%)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Preeclampsia (9%)
Dermatologic: Pruritus (8%)
Endocrine & metabolic: Gestational diabetes (6%)
Gastrointestinal: Nausea (6%), diarrhea (2%)
Genitourinary: Oligohydramnios (4%), stillborn infant (2%), spontaneous abortion ( ≤2%; <20 weeks gestation)
Local: Local pruritus (6%)
Miscellaneous: Nodule (5%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Angioedema, cellulitis at injection site, cervical dilation, cervical shortening, decreased glucose tolerance, depression, fluid retention, headache, hypersensitivity reaction, hypertension, hot flash, jaundice, premature rupture of membranes, pulmonary embolism, skin rash, thromboembolic complications, urinary tract infection
Extensively metabolized; hepatic impairment may reduce the elimination of hydroxyprogesterone.
Concerns related to adverse events:
- Thromboembolism: Discontinue if arterial thrombosis, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or thromboembolic events occur. Use is contraindicated with current or history of thrombosis or thromboembolic disorders.
Disease related concerns:
- Carbohydrate intolerance: May have adverse effects on glucose tolerance; use caution in women with prediabetes and diabetes.
- Depression: Use with caution in patients with depression; discontinue if depression occurs.
- Diseases exacerbated by fluid retention: Use with caution in patients with diseases that may be exacerbated by fluid retention, including asthma, epilepsy, preeclampsia, cardiac or renal dysfunction.
- Hepatic impairment: Specific studies have not been conducted; elimination may be decreased. Use is contraindicated with hepatic impairment.
- Hypertension: Monitor women who develop hypertension during therapy; consider risk versus benefit of continuation. Use is contraindicated with uncontrolled hypertension.
- Jaundice: Monitor women who develop jaundice during therapy; consider risk versus benefit of continuation. Use is contraindicated in women with cholestatic jaundice of pregnancy.
Dosage form specific issues:
- Benzyl alcohol and derivatives: Some dosage forms may contain benzyl alcohol; large amounts of benzyl alcohol ( ≥99 mg/kg/day) have been associated with a potentially fatal toxicity (gasping syndrome") in neonates; the "gasping syndrome" consists of metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress, gasping respirations, CNS dysfunction (including convulsions, intracranial hemorrhage), hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse (AAP ["Inactive" 1997]; CDC 1982); some data suggest that benzoate displaces bilirubin from protein binding sites (Ahlfors 2001); avoid or use dosage forms containing benzyl alcohol with caution in neonates. See manufacturer 's labeling.
- Castor oil: Contains castor oil. Discontinue if allergic reactions (eg urticaria, pruritus, angioedema) occur.
Special handling:
- Hazardous agent: Use appropriate precautions for handling and disposal (NIOSH 2014 [group 2]).
Other warnings/precautions:
- Appropriate use: The effectiveness of hydroxyprogesterone is based on improvement in the proportion of women who delivered at less than 37 weeks of gestation. Clinical benefits related to improved neonatal mortality or morbidity following maternal use have not been demonstrated. Not intended to stop active preterm labor.
B
Adverse events observed in some animal reproduction studies. Adverse events were not observed in human studies following second or third trimester exposure; use not studied during first trimester.
Maternal serum concentrations of hydroxyprogesterone caproate are widely variable and may be decreased in women with increased body mass index (BMI). Hydroxyprogesterone is metabolized by the placenta and reaches the fetal circulation. In one study, the cord:maternal concentration ratio averaged 0.2. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate was detected in cord blood when delivery occurred ≥44 days after the last injection (Cartitis 2012; Hemaue 2008).
Hydroxyprogesterone is a synthetic progestin. The mechanism by which hydroxyprogesterone reduces the risk of recurrent preterm birth is not known.
Extensively bound to plasma proteins including albumin and corticosteroid-binding globulins
Hepatic via CYP3A4 and 3A5; forms metabolites
Urine (~30%) and feces (~50%); primarily as metabolites
Serum: IM: Nonpregnant females: 3-7 days; Pregnant females (singleton pregnancies): 1-4 days (Caritis 2012)
Nonpregnant females: ~8 days; Pregnant females (singleton pregnancies): 16 days (range: 11-21 days) (Caritis 2012)
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience injection site pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, breast soreness, weight gain, weight loss, hair loss, decreased libido, increased libido, lack of appetite, increased appetite, loss of strength and energy, or back pain. Have patient report immediately to prescriber signs of high blood sugar (confusion, fatigue, increased thirst, increased hunger, polyuria, flushing, fast breathing, or breath that smells like fruit); signs of blood clots (numbness or weakness on one side of the body; pain, redness, tenderness, warmth, or swelling in the arms or legs; change in color of an arm or leg; angina; shortness of breath; tachycardia; or coughing up blood); vision changes; severe headache; severe dizziness; passing out; depression; swelling of hands or feet; severe injection site edema, oozing of blood, or irritation; signs of virilization (in females a deep voice, facial hair, acne, or menstrual changes); abnormal vaginal bleeding; or jaundice (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for healthcare professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience and judgment in diagnosing, treating and advising patients.