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Daytime Sleepiness

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  • Sleep apnea " � People with this condition stop breathing for short periods during sleep.
  • Narcolepsy " � People with this condition are very sleepy in the daytime and sometimes fall asleep suddenly during normal activities.
  • Insomnia " � People with this condition have trouble falling or staying asleep.
  • Things that disturb your sleep, such as:
    • Sounds " � For example, if you have a new baby, he or she might cry and wake you up at night.
    • Health conditions, such as restless legs syndrome or nighttime leg cramps.
    • Schedule changes that affect sleep " � This might include working a night shift or traveling to another time zone.
    • Medicines " � Certain medicines can cause daytime sleepiness.

  • Is there anything I can do on my own to feel better? " � That depends on the cause of your daytime sleepiness. But you can try having good sleep habits. This means that you: � �
    • Go to bed and get up at the same time every day.
    • Have drinks with caffeine in them only in the morning (these include coffee and tea).
    • Avoid alcohol.
    • Avoid smoking, especially in the evening.
    • Lose weight if you are overweight.
    • Exercise several days a week, but not right before bed.
    • Stay off your back when sleeping. (This is not always possible and does not always work.)

    Should I see a doctor or nurse? " � See a doctor or nurse if: � �
    • You are often very sleepy in the daytime.
    • You fall asleep in the middle of normal activities.
    • You see or hear things that are not really there.
    • When you wake up, you cant move right away.
    • Your muscles feel weak if you laugh or get excited or angry.

    Will I need tests? " � Your doctor or nurse will decide which tests you should have. There are many different tests, but you might not need any. It depends on your age, other symptoms, and individual situation. � �
    A "sleep study " � is the most common test doctors use to find the cause of daytime sleepiness. For this test, you spend the night in a sleep lab at a hospital or doctor's office. You are hooked up to different machines that monitor your heart rate, breathing, and other body functions. The results of the test tell your doctor or nurse if you have a sleep disorder. � �
    Your doctor or nurse might also ask you to keep a daily log for 1 to 2 weeks, where you keep track of how you sleep each night and table 1). � �
    How is daytime sleepiness treated? " � That depends on what is causing your daytime sleepiness. Treatments can include: � �
    • Lifestyle changes " � These can include changing your work schedule, taking naps, losing weight, or avoiding caffeine and alcohol.
    • Devices you wear at night " � These can help people with sleep apnea.
    • Medicines " � These can help you stay awake in the daytime or sleep better at night.
    • Surgery " � A few people with sleep apnea have surgery to treat it. But most people don't need surgery for daytime sleepiness.

    Can daytime sleepiness be prevented? " � You can reduce your chances of daytime sleepiness by having good sleep habits. If your doctor or nurse prescribes medicine or a device to wear, use it exactly how he or she tells you. � �
    What if my child gets daytime sleepiness? " � In children, daytime sleepiness is usually caused by not sleeping enough at night or not having good sleep habits. Some medicines can also make your child sleepy in the daytime. � �
    Children with daytime sleepiness can act differently from sleepy adults. For example, your child might: � �
    • Have trouble paying attention in school
    • Be more active than usual
    • Act angry or emotional

    If you think your child might have daytime sleepiness, talk to the doctor or nurse. � �
    All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete. � �
    This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Nov 04, 2014. � �
    Topic 85720 Version 4.0 � �
    Release: 22.8 - C22.208 � �
    � � 2014 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. � �


    � �
    table 1Consensus sleep diary instructionsView Largetable 1Consensus sleep diary instructions

    General instructions

    What is a sleep diary?

    A sleep diary is designed to gather information about your daily sleep pattern.

    How often and when do I fill out the sleep diary?

    It is necessary for you to complete your sleep diary every day. If possible, the sleep diary should be completed within one hour of getting out of bed in the morning.

    What should I do if I miss a day?

    If you forget to fill in the diary or are unable to finish it, leave the diary blank for that day.

    What if something unusual affects my sleep or how I feel in the daytime?

    If your sleep or daytime functioning is affected by some unusual event (such as an illness, or an emergency) you may make brief notes on your diary.

    What do the words "bed" and "day" mean on the diary?

    This diary can be used for people who are awake or asleep at unusual times. In the sleep diary, the word "day" is the time when you choose or are required to be awake. The term "bed" means the place where you usually sleep.

    Will answering these questions about my sleep keep me awake?

    This is not usually a problem. You should not worry about giving exact times, and you should not watch the clock. Just give your best estimate.

    Sleep diary item instructions

    Use the guide below to clarify what is being asked for each item of the sleep diary.

    Date: Write the date of the morning you are filling out the diary.

    1. What time did you get into bed?

    Write the time that you got into bed. This may not be the time you began "trying" to fall asleep.

    2. What time did you try to go to sleep?

    Record the time that you began "trying" to fall asleep.

    3. How long did it take you to fall asleep?

    Beginning at the time you wrote in question 2, how long did it take you to fall asleep?

    4. How many times did you wake up, not counting your final awakening?

    How many times did you wake up between the time you first fell asleep and your final awakening?

    5. In total, how long did these awakenings last?

    What was the total time you were awake between the time you first fell asleep and your final awakening? For example, if you woke 3 times for 20 minutes, 35 minutes, and 15 minutes, add them all up (20 + 35 + 15 = 70 min or 1 hr and 10 min).

    6a. What time was your final awakening?

    Record the last time you woke up in the morning.

    6b. After your final awakening, how long did you spend in bed trying to sleep?

    After the last time you woke-up (item #6a), how many minutes did you spend in bed trying to sleep? For example, if you woke up at 8 am but continued to try and sleep until 9 am, record 1 hour.

    6c. Did you wake up earlier than you planned?

    If you woke up or were awakened earlier than you planned, check yes. If you woke up at your planned time, check no.

    6d. If yes, how much earlier?

    If you answered "yes" to question 6c, write the number of minutes you woke up earlier than you had planned on waking up. For example, if you woke up 15 minutes before the alarm went off, record 15 minutes here.

    7. What time did you get out of bed for the day?

    What time did you get out of bed with no further attempt at sleeping? This may be different from your final awakening time (eg, you may have woken up at 6:35 am but did not get out of bed to start your day until 7:20 am).

    8. In total, how long did you sleep?

    This should just be your best estimate, based on when you went to bed and woke up, how long it took you to fall asleep, and how long you were awake. You do not need to calculate this by adding and subtracting; just give your best estimate.

    9. How would you rate the quality of your sleep?

    "Sleep quality" is your sense of whether your sleep was good or poor.

    10. How restful or refreshed did you feel when you woke up for the day?

    This refers to how you felt after you were done sleeping for the night, during the first few minutes that you were awake.

    11a. How many times did you nap or doze?

    A nap is a time you decided to sleep during the day, whether in bed or not in bed. "Dozing" is a time you may have nodded off for a few minutes, without meaning to, such as while watching TV. Count all the times you napped or dozed at any time from when you first got out of bed in the morning until you got into bed again at night.

    11b. In total, how long did you nap or doze?

    Estimate the total amount of time you spent napping or dozing, in hours and minutes. For instance, if you napped twice, once for 30 minutes and once for 60 minutes, and dozed for 10 minutes, you would answer "1 hour 40 minutes. " � If you did not nap or doze, write "N/A" (not applicable).

    12a. How many drinks containing alcohol did you have?

    Enter the number of alcoholic drinks you had where 1 drink is defined as one 12 oz beer (can), 5 oz wine, or 1.5 oz liquor (one shot).

    12b. What time was your last drink?

    If you had an alcoholic drink yesterday, enter the time of day in hours and minutes of your last drink. If you did not have a drink, write "N/A" (not applicable).

    13a. How many caffeinated drinks (coffee, tea, soda, energy drinks) did you have?

    Enter the number of caffeinated drinks (coffee, tea, soda, energy drinks) you had where for coffee and tea, one drink = 6-8 oz; while for caffeinated soda one drink = 12 oz.

    13b. What time was your last caffeinated drink?

    If you had a caffeinated drink, enter the time of day in hours and minutes of your last drink. If you did not have a caffeinated drink, write "N/A" (not applicable).

    14. Did you take any over-the-counter or prescription medication(s) to help you sleep?

    If so, list medication(s), dose, and time taken: List the medication name, how much and when you took EACH different medication you took tonight to help you sleep. Include medication available over the counter, prescription medications, and herbals (example: "Sleepwell 50 mg 11 pm"). If every night is the same, write "same" after the first day.

    15. Comments:

    If you have anything that you would like to say that is relevant to your sleep feel free to write it here.

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    This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. This is only a brief summary of general information. It does NOT include all information about conditions, illnesses, injuries, tests, procedures, treatments, therapies, discharge instructions or life-style choices that may apply to you. You must talk with your health care provider for complete information about your health and treatment options. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to accept your health care providers advice, instructions or recommendations. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to provide advice that is right for you.The use of UpToDate content is governed by the UpToDate Terms of Use. � �2014 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. � �

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