The Basics
Written by the doctors and editors at UpToDate
What should I do if I get bitten by an animal or a person? " Make sure you wash the wound with lots of soap and water " even if it stings to do so. This can help prevent infection. If you are bleeding, press on the wound with a clean towel or bandage to slow or stop the bleeding.
Should I see a doctor or nurse? " See a doctor or nurse if:
- You were bitten by a wild animal, such as a raccoon, skunk, woodchuck, fox, coyote, or bat. These animals can carry rabies. It is very important that you see a doctor or nurse right away.
- You were bitten by a cat or a person and it broke the skin. (Cat bites often lead to infection. Experts usually recommend antibiotics for anyone bitten by a cat.)
- You were bitten by a dog or a person on the hand, foot or head. Also see a doctor or nurse for a dog or human bite anywhere on your body if the wound is deep or large.
- You were bitten by any animal and you have diabetes, liver disease, cancer, HIV or AIDS, or you take medicine that could impair your ability to fight infection.
- You are bleeding, and it wont stop even after applying pressure for 15 minutes.
- You think you might have a broken bone or another serious injury.
- You were bitten on a joint and you can't bend the joint as easily as before.
- It has been more than 5 years since you last had a tetanus shot, or you don't remember when your last tetanus shot was. This is a vaccine most people have had at least once. It helps prevent infections that can be caused by bites.
If you do not fit into any of the groups listed above, you should see a doctor or nurse if you develop signs of infection, which include:
- Pain that gets worse
- Redness or warmth
- Fever
- Oozing pus from the wound
How are animal bites treated? " If you get treated for a bite, your doctor or nurse will first clean and disinfect your wound. Depending on how big the wound is and where it is, he or she might also put in stitches. Plus, you might get antibiotics to prevent infection, but they are not always needed.
Some people who are bitten need a "booster shot " of the tetanus vaccine. The tetanus booster is especially important for people who got their last booster more than 5 years ago.
Should I worry about rabies? " If you were bitten by an animal that could be infected with rabies, you should get a series of shots to prevent rabies. You could be at risk for rabies if you were bitten by a:
- Dog, cat, or ferret that you know or suspect has rabies
- Wild animal, such as a raccoon, fox, skunk, woodchuck, coyote, or bat. (Bat bites are especially likely to carry rabies. But bat bites are also hard to see.)
If you were bitten by a farm animal or large rodent, call your doctor or nurse for advice. The risk of these types of bites is decided on a case-by-case basis.
Do not worry about rabies if you were bitten by a lizard, fish, or other animal that does not have fur. Animals without fur (besides humans) cannot carry rabies.
All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete.
This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Nov 04, 2014.
Topic 15340 Version 7.0
Release: 22.8 - C22.208
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