(trye heks ee FEN i dil)
Drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders: Control of extrapyramidal disorders caused by CNS drugs (eg, dibenzoxazepines, phenothiazines, thioxanthenes, butyrophenones)
Parkinsonism: Treatment of all forms of parkinsonism (postencephalitic, arteriosclerotic, and idiopathic) as adjunctive therapy
Hypersensitivity to trihexyphenidyl or any component of the formulation; narrow angle glaucoma.
Drug-induced extrapyramidal disorders: Oral: Initial: 1 mg/day; increase as necessary to usual range: 5 to 15 mg/day in 3 to 4 divided doses
Parkinsonism: Oral: Initial: 1 mg/day, increase by 2 mg increments at intervals of 3 to 5 days; usual dose: 6 to 10 mg/day in 3 to 4 divided doses; doses of 12 to 15 mg/day may be required
Use in combination with levodopa: When trihexyphenidyl is used concomitantly with levodopa, the usual dose of each may need to be reduced. Usual range: 3 to 6 mg/day in divided doses
Refer to adult dosing. Note: Conservative initial doses and gradual titration is especially important in patients >60 years of age.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling; use with caution.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling; use with caution.
Oral: May be administered before or after meals (if excessive dry mouth develops, consider administering before meals unless it causes nausea; postencephalitic patients who are prone to excessive salivation may prefer to take after meals); tolerated best if given in 3 daily doses and with food. High doses (>10 mg/day) may be divided into 4 doses (at each meal and at bedtime).
May be taken before or after meals; tolerated best if given with food.
Store at 20 ‚ °C to 25 ‚ °C (68 ‚ °F to 77 ‚ °F).
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Elixir, Oral, as hydrochloride:
Generic: 0.4 mg/mL (473 mL)
Tablet, Oral, as hydrochloride:
Generic: 2 mg, 5 mg
AbobotulinumtoxinA: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of AbobotulinumtoxinA. Monitor therapy
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Monitor therapy
Aclidinium: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Avoid combination
Analgesics (Opioid): Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Analgesics (Opioid). Specifically, the risk for constipation and urinary retention may be increased with this combination. Monitor therapy
Anticholinergic Agents: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other Anticholinergic Agents. Monitor therapy
Cannabinoid-Containing Products: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the tachycardic effect of Cannabinoid-Containing Products. Exceptions: Cannabidiol. Monitor therapy
Cimetropium: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Cimetropium. Avoid combination
Eluxadoline: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the constipating effect of Eluxadoline. Avoid combination
Gastrointestinal Agents (Prokinetic): Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Gastrointestinal Agents (Prokinetic). Monitor therapy
Glucagon: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Glucagon. Specifically, the risk of gastrointestinal adverse effects may be increased. Avoid combination
Glycopyrrolate (Oral Inhalation): Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Glycopyrrolate (Oral Inhalation). Avoid combination
Ipratropium (Oral Inhalation): May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Avoid combination
Itopride: Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Itopride. Monitor therapy
Levosulpiride: Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Levosulpiride. Avoid combination
Mianserin: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Monitor therapy
Mirabegron: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Mirabegron. Monitor therapy
OnabotulinumtoxinA: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of OnabotulinumtoxinA. Monitor therapy
Oxatomide: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Avoid combination
Potassium Chloride: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the ulcerogenic effect of Potassium Chloride. Management: Patients on drugs with substantial anticholinergic effects should avoid using any solid oral dosage form of potassium chloride. Avoid combination
Pramlintide: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. These effects are specific to the GI tract. Consider therapy modification
Ramosetron: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the constipating effect of Ramosetron. Monitor therapy
RimabotulinumtoxinB: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of RimabotulinumtoxinB. Monitor therapy
Secretin: Anticholinergic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Secretin. Management: Avoid using drugs with substantial anticholinergic effects in patients receiving secretin whenever possible. If such agents must be used in combination, monitor closely for a diminished response to secretin. Consider therapy modification
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics: Anticholinergic Agents may increase the serum concentration of Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics. Monitor therapy
Tiotropium: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the anticholinergic effect of Tiotropium. Avoid combination
Topiramate: Anticholinergic Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Topiramate. Monitor therapy
Umeclidinium: May enhance the anticholinergic effect of Anticholinergic Agents. Avoid combination
Gonioscopic evaluations (prior to therapy initiation); IOP (periodically); anticholinergic adverse reactions (patients on long-term therapy)
Frequency not defined.
Cardiovascular: Tachycardia
Central nervous system: Agitation, confusion, delusions, dizziness, drowsiness, euphoria, hallucination, headache, nervousness, paranoia, psychiatric disturbance
Dermatologic: Skin rash
Gastrointestinal: Constipation, intestinal obstruction, nausea, parotitis, toxic megacolon, vomiting, xerostomia
Genitourinary: Urinary retention
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Weakness
Ophthalmic: Blurred vision, glaucoma, increased intraocular pressure, mydriasis
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Anhidrosis/hyperthermia: May cause anhidrosis and hyperthermia. Severe anhidrosis and fatal hyperthermia have occurred; use with caution in hot weather or during exercise, especially when administered concomitantly with other anticholinergic drugs to chronically ill patients, alcoholics, patients with CNS disease, or persons doing manual labor in a hot environment.
- Anticholinergic effects: May cause anticholinergic effects (constipation, xerostomia, blurred vision, urinary retention); monitor patients on long-term use.
- CNS effects: May impair physical or mental abilities; patients must be cautioned about performing tasks that require mental alertness (eg, operating machinery, driving).
- Ocular effects: May precipitate angle closure with an increase in intraocular pressure. If blurring of vision occurs, consider the possibility of narrow angle glaucoma; blindness because of aggravation of narrow angle glaucoma has been reported. Patients should have a gonioscope evaluation prior to initiation of therapy and close monitoring of IOP.
Disease-related concerns:
- Cardiovascular disease: Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease, including hypertension.
- GI obstruction: Use with caution in patients with obstructive disease of the GI tract.
- Glaucoma: Use with caution in patients with glaucoma. Contraindicated in patients with narrow angle glaucoma; blindness after long-term use because of narrow angle glaucoma has been reported.
- Hepatic impairment: Use with caution in patients with hepatic impairment.
- Prostatic hyperplasia/urinary stricture: Use with caution in patients with prostatic hyperplasia and/or urinary stricture or retention.
- Psychiatric effects: May impair memory and further exacerbate cognitive deficits in elderly patients; in high doses may cause confusion, delirium, and hallucinations (Holloman 1997; Tonda 1994).
- Renal impairment: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment.
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
- Drug-drug interactions: Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information.
Other warnings/precautions:
- Discontinuation of therapy: Dose reduction or discontinuation of trihexyphenidyl has been associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), exacerbation of Parkinsonism, and withdrawal symptoms including tension, irritability, perspiration, palpitations, headache, insomnia, abdominal distress, anorexia, faint or choking feelings, nausea, and photophobia (McInnis 1985). According to the manufacturer 's labeling, withdraw trihexyphenidyl gradually; abrupt or rapid discontinuation may result in acute exacerbation of symptoms or side effects (Manos 1981a; Manos 1981b).
- Tardive dyskinesia: Not recommended for use in patients with tardive dyskinesia (unless concomitant Parkinson disease exists); trihexyphenidyl does not relieve symptoms of tardive dyskinesia and may potentially exacerbate symptoms.
C
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted. One case report did not show evidence of adverse events after trihexyphenidyl administration during pregnancy (Robottom, 2011).
Exerts a direct inhibitory effect on the parasympathetic nervous system. It also has a relaxing effect on smooth musculature; exerted both directly on the muscle itself and indirectly through parasympathetic nervous system (inhibitory effect)
Hydroxylation of the alicyclic groups (Brocks 1999)
Urine and bile (Brocks 1999)
Serum: 1.3 hours (Brocks 1999)
33 hours (Brocks 1999)
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience blurred vision, fatigue, headache, anxiety, or dry mouth. Have patient report immediately to prescriber hallucinations, severe dizziness, passing out, agitation, behavioral changes, confusion, memory impairment, severe nausea, severe vomiting, difficult urination, angina, tachycardia, arrhythmia, severe constipation, severe abdominal pain, muscle weakness, trouble controlling body movements, vision changes, eye pain, severe eye irritation, lack of sweat, enlarged pupils, or signs of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (fever, muscle cramps or stiffness, dizziness, very bad headache, confusion, change in thinking, fast heartbeat, abnormal heartbeat, or sweating a lot) (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.