(pre GAB a lin)
Fibromyalgia: For the management of fibromyalgia
Neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy: For the management of neuropathic pain associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy
Neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury:For the management of neuropathic pain associated with spinal cord injury
Partial-onset seizures, adjunctive therapy: Adjunctive therapy for adult patients with partial-onset seizures
Postherpetic neuralgia:For the management of postherpetic neuralgia
Hypersensitivity to pregabalin or any component of the formulation
Note: When discontinuing, taper off gradually over at least 1 week.
Fibromyalgia: Oral:
US labeling: Initial: 150 mg daily in divided doses (75 mg twice daily); may be increased to 300 mg daily (150 mg twice daily) within 1 week based on tolerability and effect; may be further increased to 450 mg daily (225 mg twice daily). Maximum dose: 450 mg daily (dosages up to 600 mg daily were evaluated with no significant additional benefit and an increase in adverse effects)
Canadian labeling: Initial: 150 mg daily in divided doses (75 mg twice daily); may be increased to 300 mg daily (150 mg twice daily) after 1 week based on tolerability and effect; may be further increased to 450 mg daily (225 mg twice daily). The manufacturer labeling suggests that patients with severe ongoing symptoms may receive up to a maximum of 600 mg daily (300 mg twice daily). However, dosages up to 600 mg daily have been evaluated with no significant additional benefit and an increase in adverse effects.
Neuropathic pain, diabetes-associated: Oral:
US labeling: Initial: 150 mg daily in divided doses (50 mg 3 times daily); may be increased within 1 week based on tolerability and effect; maximum dose: 300 mg daily in 3 divided doses (dosages up to 600 mg daily were evaluated with no significant additional benefit and an increase in adverse effects)
Canadian labeling: Initial: 150 mg daily in divided doses (50 mg 3 times daily or 75 mg twice daily); may be increased after 1 week based on tolerability and effect to 300 mg daily (150 mg twice daily). The manufacturer labeling suggests that patients with severe ongoing symptoms may receive up to a maximum of 600 mg daily (300 mg twice daily). However, dosages up to 600 mg daily have been evaluated with no significant additional benefit and an increase in adverse effects.
Neuropathic pain, spinal cord injury associated: Oral: Initial: 150 mg daily in divided doses (75 mg twice daily); may be increased to 300 mg daily (150 mg twice daily) within 1 week based on tolerability and effect; further titration to 600 mg daily (300 mg twice daily) after 2 to 3 weeks may be considered in patients who do not experience sufficient relief of pain provided they are able to tolerate pregabalin. Maximum dose: 600 mg daily
Partial-onset seizures (adjunctive therapy): Oral: Initial: 150 mg daily in divided doses (75 mg twice daily or 50 mg 3 times daily); may be increased based on tolerability and effect (optimal titration schedule has not been defined). Maximum dose: 600 mg daily
Postherpetic neuralgia: Oral: Initial: 150 mg daily in divided doses (75 mg twice daily or 50 mg 3 times daily); may be increased to 300 mg daily within 1 week based on tolerability and effect; further titration (to 600 mg daily) after 2 to 4 weeks may be considered in patients who do not experience sufficient relief of pain provided they are able to tolerate pregabalin. Maximum dose: 600 mg daily
Generalized anxiety disorder (off-label use): Oral: Initial: 150 mg/day in 2 to 3 divided doses; based on response and tolerability, adjust dose at weekly intervals in increments of 150 mg to a maximum dose of 600 mg/day (Frampton 2014; WFSBP [Bandelow 2008]).
Social anxiety disorder (off-label use): Oral: Initial: 300 mg/day in 3 divided doses; on day 4, based on response and tolerability, increase dose to 450 mg/day. On or after day 6, dosage may be further increased to 600 mg/day. In clinical trials, efficacy for response and relapse prevention was found at doses of 450 and 600 mg/day (Feltner 2011; Greist 2011; Pande 2004).
Refer to adult dosing.
Renal function may be estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault formula. Then determine recommended dosage regimen based on the indication-specific total daily dose for normal renal function (CrCl ≥60 mL/minute). For example, if the indication-specific daily dose is 450 mg daily for normal renal function, the daily dose should be reduced to 225 mg daily (in 2 to 3 divided doses) for a creatinine clearance of 30 to 60 mL/minute (see table).
Pregabalin Renal Impairment DosingCrCl
(mL/minute)
Total Pregabalin Daily Dose
(mg/day)
Dosing Frequency
Posthemodialysis supplementary dosage (as a single additional dose):
25 mg/day schedule: Single supplementary dose of 25 mg or 50 mg
25 to 50 mg/day schedule: Single supplementary dose of 50 mg or 75 mg
50 to 75 mg/day schedule: Single supplementary dose of 75 mg or 100 mg
75 mg/day schedule: Single supplementary dose of 100 mg or 150 mg
≥60 (normal renal function)
150
300
450
600
2 to 3 divided doses
30 to 60
75
150
225
300
2 to 3 divided doses
15 to 30
25 to 50
75
100-150
150
1 to 2 divided doses
<15
25
25 to 50
50 to 75
75
Single daily dose
Table has been converted to the following text.
CrCl ≥60 mL/minute (normal renal function): No dosage adjustment required.
150 mg in 2 to 3 divided doses or
300 mg in 2 to 3 divided doses or
450 mg in 2 to 3 divided doses or
600 mg in 2 to 3 divided doses
CrCl 30 to 60 mL/minute: Total daily dose:
75 mg in 2 to 3 divided doses or
150 mg in 2 to 3 divided doses or
225 mg in 2 to 3 divided doses or
300 mg in 2 to 3 divided doses
CrCl 15 to 30 mL/minute: Total daily dose:
25 to 50 mg in once daily or in 2 divided doses or
75 mg once daily or in 2 divided doses or
100 to 150 mg once daily or in 2 divided doses or
150 mg once daily or in 2 divided doses
CrCl <15 mL/minute: Total daily dose:
25 mg once daily or
25 to 50 mg once daily or
50 to 75 mg once daily or
75 mg once daily
Hemodialysis: Total daily dose (as a single posthemodialysis supplementary dose):
25 mg: Single supplementary dose of 25 mg or 50 mg
25 to 50 mg: Single supplementary dose of 50 mg or 75 mg
50 to 75 mg: Single supplementary dose of 75 mg or 100 mg
75 mg: Single supplementary dose of 100 mg or 150 mg
No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer 's labeling. However, no adjustment expected since undergoes minimal hepatic metabolism.
May be administered with or without food.
May be taken with or without food.
Store at 25 ‚ °C (77 ‚ °F); excursions permitted to15 ‚ °C to 30 ‚ °C (59 ‚ °F to 86 ‚ °F).
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Capsule, Oral:
Lyrica: 25 mg, 50 mg, 75 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, 225 mg, 300 mg
Solution, Oral:
Lyrica: 20 mg/mL (473 mL) [contains methylparaben, propylparaben]
ACE Inhibitors: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Pregabalin. Specifically, the risk of angioedema may be increased. Monitor therapy
Alcohol (Ethyl): CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Alcohol (Ethyl). Monitor therapy
Antidiabetic Agents (Thiazolidinedione): Pregabalin may enhance the fluid-retaining effect of Antidiabetic Agents (Thiazolidinedione). Monitor therapy
Azelastine (Nasal): CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Azelastine (Nasal). Avoid combination
Blonanserin: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Blonanserin. Consider therapy modification
Brimonidine (Topical): May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Buprenorphine: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Buprenorphine. Management: Consider reduced doses of other CNS depressants, and avoiding such drugs in patients at high risk of buprenorphine overuse/self-injection. Initiate buprenorphine patches (Butrans brand) at 5 mcg/hr in adults when used with other CNS depressants. Consider therapy modification
Cannabis: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
CNS Depressants: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Dimethindene: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Doxylamine: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: The manufacturer of Diclegis (doxylamine/pyridoxine), intended for use in pregnancy, specifically states that use with other CNS depressants is not recommended. Monitor therapy
Dronabinol: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Droperidol: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider dose reductions of droperidol or of other CNS agents (e.g., opioids, barbiturates) with concomitant use. Consider therapy modification
Flunitrazepam: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Flunitrazepam. Consider therapy modification
HYDROcodone: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of HYDROcodone. Management: Consider starting with a 20% to 30% lower hydrocodone dose when using together with any other CNS depressant. Dose reductions in the other CNS depressant may also be warranted. Consider therapy modification
HydrOXYzine: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Kava Kava: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Magnesium Sulfate: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Mefloquine: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Anticonvulsants. Mefloquine may decrease the serum concentration of Anticonvulsants. Management: Mefloquine is contraindicated for malaria prophylaxis in persons with a history of convulsions. Monitor anticonvulsant concentrations and treatment response closely with concurrent use. Consider therapy modification
Methotrimeprazine: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Methotrimeprazine. Methotrimeprazine may enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: Reduce adult dose of CNS depressant agents by 50% with initiation of concomitant methotrimeprazine therapy. Further CNS depressant dosage adjustments should be initiated only after clinically effective methotrimeprazine dose is established. Consider therapy modification
MetyroSINE: CNS Depressants may enhance the sedative effect of MetyroSINE. Monitor therapy
Mianserin: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Anticonvulsants. Monitor therapy
Minocycline: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Mirtazapine: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Mirtazapine. Monitor therapy
Nabilone: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Orlistat: May decrease the serum concentration of Anticonvulsants. Monitor therapy
Orphenadrine: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Orphenadrine. Avoid combination
OxyCODONE: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of OxyCODONE. Management: When oxycodone is combined with another CNS depressant, a dose reduction of one or both agents should be considered. The extended release oxycodone starting dose should be reduced 50% to 67% when initiated in patients already receiving CNS depressants. Consider therapy modification
Paraldehyde: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Paraldehyde. Avoid combination
Perampanel: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: Patients taking perampanel with any other drug that has CNS depressant activities should avoid complex and high-risk activities, particularly those such as driving that require alertness and coordination, until they have experience using the combination. Consider therapy modification
Piribedil [INT]: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Piribedil [INT]. Monitor therapy
Pramipexole: CNS Depressants may enhance the sedative effect of Pramipexole. Monitor therapy
ROPINIRole: CNS Depressants may enhance the sedative effect of ROPINIRole. Monitor therapy
Rotigotine: CNS Depressants may enhance the sedative effect of Rotigotine. Monitor therapy
Rufinamide: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of CNS Depressants. Specifically, sleepiness and dizziness may be enhanced. Monitor therapy
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors: CNS Depressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. Specifically, the risk of psychomotor impairment may be enhanced. Monitor therapy
Sodium Oxybate: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: Consider alternatives to combined use. When combined use is needed, consider minimizing doses of one or more drugs. Use of sodium oxybate with alcohol or sedative hypnotics is contraindicated. Consider therapy modification
Suvorexant: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Suvorexant. Management: Dose reduction of suvorexant and/or any other CNS depressant may be necessary. Use of suvorexant with alcohol is not recommended, and the use of suvorexant with any other drug to treat insomnia is not recommended. Consider therapy modification
Tapentadol: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Management: Start tapentadol at a dose of one-third to one-half of the normal dose if being initiated in a patient who is taking another drug with CNS depressant effects. Monitor closely for evidence of excessive CNS depression. Consider therapy modification
Tetrahydrocannabinol: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Thalidomide: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Thalidomide. Avoid combination
Trimeprazine: May enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants. Monitor therapy
Zolpidem: CNS Depressants may enhance the CNS depressant effect of Zolpidem. Management: Reduce the Intermezzo brand sublingual zolpidem adult dose to 1.75 mg for men who are also receiving other CNS depressants. No such dose change is recommended for women. Avoid use with other CNS depressants at bedtime; avoid use with alcohol. Consider therapy modification
Measures of efficacy (pain intensity/seizure frequency); degree of sedation; symptoms of myopathy or ocular disturbance; weight gain/edema; skin integrity (in patients with diabetes); suicidality (eg, suicidal thoughts, depression, behavioral changes)
Note: Frequency of adverse effects may be influenced by dose or concurrent therapy. In add-on trials in epilepsy, frequency of CNS and adverse effects were higher than those reported in pain management trials. Range noted below is inclusive of all trials.
>10%:
Cardiovascular: Peripheral edema ( ≤16%)
Central nervous system: Dizziness (8% to 45%), somnolence (4% to 36%), ataxia (1% to 20%), headache (5% to 14%), fatigue (5% to 11%)
Gastrointestinal: Weight gain ( ≤16%), xerostomia (1% to 15%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Tremor ( ≤11%)
Ocular: Blurred vision (1% to 12%), diplopia ( ≤12%)
Miscellaneous: Infection (3% to 14%), accidental injury (2% to 11%)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Edema ( ≤8%), chest pain (1% to 4%), hypertension (2%), hypotension (2%)
Central nervous system: Neuropathy (2% to 9%), thinking abnormal ( ≤9%), confusion ( ≤7%), euphoria ( ≤7%), speech disorder ( ≤7%), attention disturbance (4% to 6%), amnesia ( ≤6%), incoordination ( ≤6%), pain (2% to 5%), insomnia (4%), memory impaired (1% to 4%), vertigo (1% to 4%), hypoesthesia (2% to 3%), feeling abnormal (1% to 3%), anxiety (2%), lethargy (1% to 2%), drunk feeling (1% to 2%), disorientation ( ≤2%), depersonalization ( ≥1%), fever ( ≥1%), hypertonia ( ≥1%), sedation ( ≥1%), stupor ( ≥1%), nervousness ( ≤1%)
Dermatologic: Decubitus ulcer (3%), facial edema ( ≤3%), bruising ( ≥1%), pruritus ( ≥1%)
Endocrine & metabolic: Fluid retention (2% to 3%), hypoglycemia (1% to 3%), libido decreased ( ≥1%)
Gastrointestinal: Constipation ( ≤10%), appetite increased (2% to 7%), nausea (5%), flatulence ( ≤3%), vomiting (1% to 3%), abdominal distension (2%), abdominal pain ( ≥1%), gastroenteritis ( ≥1%)
Genitourinary: Incontinence ( ≤3%), anorgasmia ( ≥1%), impotence ( ≥1%), urinary frequency ( ≥1%)
Hematologic: Thrombocytopenia ( ≥1%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Balance disorder (2% to 9%), abnormal gait ( ≤8%), weakness (2% to 7%), arthralgia (3% to 6%), twitching ( ≤5%), muscle spasm (2% to 4%), back pain ( ≤4%), myoclonus ( ≤4%), CPK increased (3%), neck pain (3%), pain in extremity (3%), joint swelling (2%), paresthesia (2%), leg cramps ( ≥1%), myalgia ( ≥1%), myasthenia (1%)
Ocular: Visual abnormalities ( ≤5%), eye disorder ( ≤2%), conjunctivitis ( ≥1%), nystagmus ( ≥1%)
Otic: Otitis media ( ≥1%), tinnitus ( ≥1%)
Respiratory: Nasopharyngitis (8%), sinusitis (4% to 7%), pharyngolaryngeal pain (1% to 3%), bronchitis ( ≤3%), dyspnea ( ≤3%)
Miscellaneous: Flu-like syndrome (1% to 2%), allergic reaction ( ≥1%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Abnormal ejaculation, abscess, acute renal failure, addiction , agitation, albuminuria, alopecia, amenorrhea, anaphylactoid reaction, anemia, angioedema, anisocoria, apathy, aphasia, aphthous stomatitis, apnea, arthrosis, ascites, atelectasis, bladder cancer, blepharitis, blindness, bronchiolitis, cellulitis, cerebellar syndrome, cervicitis, chills, cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, chondrodystrophy, circumoral paresthesia, cogwheel rigidity, colitis, coma, corneal ulcer, crystalluria (urate), delirium, delusions, diarrhea, dry eyes, dysarthria, dysautonomia, dyskinesia, dysmenorrhea, dysphagia, dyspareunia, dystonia, dysuria, eczema, encephalopathy, eosinophilia, epididymitis, esophageal ulcer, esophagitis, exfoliative dermatitis, exophthalmos, extraocular palsy, extrapyramidal syndrome, eye hemorrhage, female lactation, gastritis, GI hemorrhage, glomerulitis, glucose tolerance decreased, granuloma, Guillain-Barre syndrome, gynecomastia, hallucinations, heart failure, hematuria, hirsutism, hostility, hyperacusis, hyperalgesia, hyperesthesia, hyper-/hypokinesia; hypersensitivity (including skin redness, blistering, hives, rash, dyspnea, and wheezing); hypotonia, intracranial hypertension, iritis, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, libido increased, laryngismus, leukopenia, leukorrhea, leukocytosis, lichenoid dermatitis, lung edema, lung fibrosis, lymphadenopathy, malaise, manic reaction, melanosis, melena, miosis, mouth ulcer, mydriasis, myelofibrosis, neck rigidity, nephritis, neuralgia, night blindness, ocular hemorrhage, oliguria, ophthalmoplegia, optic atrophy, pancreatitis, papilledema, paranoid reaction, parosmia, pelvic pain, periodontal abscess, peripheral neuritis, personality disorder, photophobia, photosensitivity, polycythemia, postural hypotension, prothrombin decreased, psychotic depression, ptosis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary fibrosis, purpura, pyelonephritis, rash (vesiculobullous, petechial, purpuric, pustular); rectal hemorrhage, renal calculus, retinal edema, retinal vascular disorder, retroperitoneal fibrosis, rhabdomyolysis, schizophrenic reaction, shock, skin atrophy, skin necrosis, skin nodule, skin ulcer, ST depression, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, subcutaneous nodule, suicide, suicide attempt, syncope, taste loss, taste perversion, thrombocythemia, thrombophlebitis, tongue edema, torticollis, trismus, urinary retention, urticaria, uveitis, ventricular fibrillation
Cl is nearly proportional to CrCl. Plasma concentrations reduced by approximately 50% following a 4-h hemodialysis treatment.
Oral Cl tends to decrease with increasing age.
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Angioedema: Angioedema has been reported; may be life-threatening; use with caution in patients with a history of angioedema episodes. Concurrent use with other drugs known to cause angioedema (eg, ACE inhibitors) may increase risk.
- CNS effects: Dizziness and somnolence are commonly reported; effects generally occur shortly after initiation and occur more frequently at higher doses. Patients must be cautioned about performing tasks which require mental alertness (eg, operating machinery or driving).
- Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reactions, including skin redness, blistering, hives, rash, dyspnea, and wheezing have been reported; discontinue treatment if hypersensitivity occurs.
- Peripheral edema: Use may cause peripheral edema; use with caution in patients with heart failure (NYHA Class III or IV) due to limited data in this patient population. In addition, effect on weight gain/edema may be additive with the thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic agents; use caution when coadministering these agents, particularly in patients with prior cardiovascular disease.
- Platelet count: May decrease platelet count. Severe thrombocytopenia is extremely rare.
- PR interval: May cause mild prolongation of PR interval. Clinical significance unknown.
- Rhabdomyolysis: Has been associated with increases in CPK and rare cases of rhabdomyolysis; patients should be instructed to notify their prescriber if unexplained muscle pain, tenderness, or weakness, particularly if fever and/or malaise are associated with these symptoms.
- Suicidal ideation: Pooled analysis of trials involving various antiepileptics (regardless of indication) showed an increased risk of suicidal thoughts/behavior (incidence rate: 0.43% treated patients compared to 0.24% of patients receiving placebo); risk observed as early as 1 week after initiation and continued through duration of trials (most trials ≤24 weeks). Monitor all patients for notable changes in behavior that might indicate suicidal thoughts or depression; notify healthcare provider immediately if symptoms occur.
- Visual disturbances: Blurred vision, decreased acuity and visual field changes have been associated with therapy; patients should be instructed to notify their physician if these effects are noted.
- Weight gain: Use may cause weight gain; weight gain generally associated with dose and duration (average weight gain was 5.2 kg for diabetic patients receiving pregabalin for ≥2 years); weight gain was not limited to patients with edema and did not appear to be associated with baseline BMI, gender, age, or loss of glycemic control in diabetic patients.
Disease-related concerns:
- Cardiovascular disease: Use with caution in patients with severe cardiovascular disease, including heart failure; weight gain and/or peripheral edema may occur.
- Renal impairment: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment; dosage adjustment required.
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
- Drug-drug interactions: Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information.
- Sedatives: Effects with other sedative drugs or ethanol may be potentiated.
Other warnings/precautions:
- Tumorigenic potential: Increased incidence of hemangiosarcoma noted in animal studies; significance of these findings in humans is unknown.
- Withdrawal: Anticonvulsants should not be discontinued abruptly because of the possibility of increasing seizure frequency; therapy should be withdrawn gradually unless safety concerns require a more rapid withdrawal. Tapering over at least 1 week is recommended. Abrupt discontinuation with pregabalin has been associated with anxiety, diarrhea, headache, hyperhidrosis, insomnia, and nausea.
Adverse events have been observed in animal reproduction studies. Pregabalin crosses the human placenta (Ohman 2011). Outcome data following maternal use of pregabalin during pregnancy is limited (Veiby 2014).
In study conducted in males, pregabalin was found to temporarily decrease mean sperm concentrations; no effects on sperm morphology or motility were observed. Concentrations increased after pregabalin was discontinued. The clinical relevance of this is not known.
Patients exposed to pregabalin during pregnancy are encouraged to enroll themselves into the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry by calling 1-888-233-2334. Additional information is available at www.aedpregnancyregistry.org.
Binds to alpha2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels within the CNS and modulates calcium influx at the nerve terminals, thereby inhibiting excitatory neurotransmitter release including glutamate, norepinephrine (noradrenaline), serotonin, dopamine, substance P, and calcitonin gene-related peptide (Gajraj, 2007; McKeage, 2009). Although structurally related to GABA, it does not bind to GABA or benzodiazepine receptors. Exerts antinociceptive and anticonvulsant activity. Pregabalin may also affect descending noradrenergic and serotonergic pain transmission pathways from the brainstem to the spinal cord.
Vd: 0.5 L/kg
Negligible
Urine (90% as unchanged drug; minor metabolites)
Pain management: Effects may be noted as early as the first week of therapy
1.5 hours (3 hours with food)
6.3 hours
0%
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience dizziness, blurred vision, weight gain, fatigue, difficulty focusing, headache, dry mouth, constipation, or increased hunger. Have patient report immediately to prescriber signs of depression (suicidal ideation, anxiety, emotional instability, or illogical thinking), severe loss of strength and energy, vision changes, muscle pain, muscle weakness, seizures, bruising, bleeding, burning or numbness feeling, change in balance, confusion, tremors, memory impairment, shortness of breath, excessive weight gain, swelling of arms or legs, angina, tachycardia, arrhythmia, chills, pharyngitis, urinary incontinence, skin sores, difficulty speaking, insomnia, abnormal gait, agitation, irritability, panic attacks, mood changes, or signs of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin [with or without fever]; red or irritated eyes; or sores in mouth, throat, nose, or eyes) (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.