(peg LOE ti kase)
Gout: Treatment of chronic gout in adult patients refractory to conventional therapy
Limitations of use: Not for the treatment of asymptomatic hyperuricemia
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
Anaphylaxis and infusion reactions have been reported to occur during and after administration of pegloticase. Anaphylaxis may occur with any infusion, including a first infusion, and generally manifests within 2 hours of the infusion. However, delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions have also been reported. Pegloticase should be administered in health care settings by health care providers prepared to manage anaphylaxis and infusion reactions
Patients should be premedicated with antihistamines and corticosteroids. Patients should be closely monitored for anaphylaxis for an appropriate period of time after pegloticase administration. Monitor serum uric acid levels prior to infusions and consider discontinuing treatment if levels increase to above 6 mg/dL, particularly when 2 consecutive levels above 6 mg/dL are observed.
Note: Discontinue use of oral antihyperuricemic agents prior to initiating pegloticase and do not initiate during the course of therapy. Premedicate with antihistamines and corticosteroids. Gout flare prophylaxis with either NSAIDs or colchicine is also recommended, beginning at least 1 week prior to initiation and continuing for at least 6 months.
Gout: IV: 8 mg every 2 weeks
Refer to adult dosing.
No dosage adjustment necessary.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling (has not been studied).
To prepare solution for administration, withdraw 1 mL (8 mg) and add to a 250 mL bag of NS or 1/2NS; invert bag several times to mix thoroughly (do not shake). Do not use vial if particulate matter is present or if solution is discolored (solution should be a clear and colorless). After withdrawal, discard any unused portion of the product remaining in the vial.
Administer diluted solution by IV infusion over ≥120 minutes via gravity feed or an infusion pump or syringe-type pump. Do not administer by IV push or bolus. Administer in a healthcare setting by healthcare providers prepared to manage potential anaphylaxis. Monitor closely for infusion reactions during infusion and for an appropriate period of time after the infusion (anaphylaxis has been reported within 2 hours of the infusion). In the event or a less severe infusion reaction, infusion may be slowed, or stopped and restarted at a slower rate, based on the discretion of the physician.
Prior to use, vials must be stored in the carton to protect from light and kept under refrigeration between 2 ‚ °C to 8 ‚ °C (36 ‚ °F to 46 ‚ °F) at all times. Do not shake or freeze.
Diluted solution may be stored up to 4 hours at 2 ‚ °C to 8 ‚ °C (36 ‚ °F to 46 ‚ °F). Diluted solution is also stable for 4 hours at room temperature of 20 ‚ °C to 25 ‚ °C (68 ‚ °F to 77 ‚ °F); however, refrigeration is preferred. The diluted solution should be protected from light, not frozen, and used within 4 hours of dilution. Prior to administration, allow the diluted solution to reach room temperature; do not warm to room temperature using any form of artificial heating such as a microwave or warm water bath.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Solution, Intravenous:
Krystexxa: 8 mg/mL (1 mL [DSC])
Solution, Intravenous [preservative free]:
Krystexxa: 8 mg/mL (1 mL)
Allopurinol: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Pegloticase. Specifically, Allopurinol may blunt increases in serum urate that would signal an increased risk of anaphylaxis and infusion reactions. Avoid combination
Certolizumab Pegol: Pegloticase may diminish the therapeutic effect of Certolizumab Pegol. Monitor therapy
Febuxostat: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Pegloticase. Specifically, Febuxostat may blunt increases in serum urate that would signal an elevated risk of anaphylaxis and infusion reactions. Avoid combination
Pegademase Bovine: Pegloticase may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pegademase Bovine. Monitor therapy
Pegaptanib: Pegloticase may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pegaptanib. Monitor therapy
Pegaspargase: Pegloticase may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pegaspargase. Monitor therapy
Pegfilgrastim: Pegloticase may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pegfilgrastim. Monitor therapy
Peginterferon Alfa-2a: Pegloticase may diminish the therapeutic effect of Peginterferon Alfa-2a. Monitor therapy
Peginterferon Alfa-2b: Pegloticase may diminish the therapeutic effect of Peginterferon Alfa-2b. Monitor therapy
Pegvisomant: Pegloticase may diminish the therapeutic effect of Pegvisomant. Monitor therapy
Probenecid: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Pegloticase. Specifically, Probenecid may blunt increases in serum urate that would signal an elevated risk of anaphylaxis and infusion reactions. Avoid combination
Serum uric acid levels (prior to infusions; consider discontinuation if levels increase to >6 mg/dL, especially if two consecutive levels of >6 mg/dL are observed); infusion reactions and anaphylaxis (during infusion and post-infusion), G6PD deficiency screening (in patients at high risk for deficiency)
>10%:
Dermatologic: Bruising (11%), urticaria (11%)
Gastrointestinal: Nausea (12%)
Miscellaneous: Antibody formation (antipegloticase antibodies: 92%; antiPEG antibodies: 42%), gout flare (74% within the first 3 months), infusion reactions (26%)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Chest pain (6% to 10%)
Dermatologic: Erythema (10%), pruritus (10%)
Gastrointestinal: Constipation (6%), vomiting (5%)
Respiratory: Dyspnea (7%), nasopharyngitis (7%)
Miscellaneous: Anaphylaxis ( ≤7%)
Frequency not defined: Anemia, diarrhea, headache, muscle spasms, nephrolithiasis
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Hypersensitivity/anaphylactoid reactions: [US Boxed Warning]: Anaphylaxis and infusion reactions have been reported during and after administration; patients should be closely monitored during infusion and for an appropriate period of time after the infusion. Therapy should be administered in a health care facility by skilled medical personnel prepared for the immediate treatment of anaphylaxis. All patients should be premedicated with antihistamines and corticosteroids. Anaphylaxis may occur at any time during treatment (including the initial dose). Reactions generally occur within 2 hours of administration; however, delayed hypersensitivity reactions have also been reported. Infusion reactions are varied; symptoms range from chest pain, pruritus/urticaria, or dyspnea to a clinical presentation of anaphylaxis (eg, hemodynamic instability, perioral or lingual edema). If a less severe (nonanaphylactic) infusion reaction occurs, the infusion may be slowed, or stopped and restarted at a slower rate, at the physician 's discretion. Risk of an infusion reaction is increased in patients whose uric acid is >6 mg/dL; therefore, monitor serum uric acid concentrations prior to infusion and consider discontinuing treatment if concentrations exceed 6 mg/dL, particularly in the event of 2 consecutive concentrations >6 mg/dL. Since oral antihyperuricemic agents may blunt the rise of serum uric acid levels, discontinue use prior to and do not initiate during the course of pegloticase therapy.
- Gout flares: Therapy with antihyperuricemic agents commonly results in gout flare, particularly upon initiation due to rapid lowering of urate concentrations; gout flare-ups during treatment do not warrant discontinuation of therapy. Gout flare prophylaxis is recommended, using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAID) or colchicine, unless contraindicated, beginning ≥1 week before initiation of pegloticase and continuing for at least 6 months.
Disease-related concerns:
- Heart failure: Exacerbation of heart failure has been observed in clinical trials; use caution in patients with preexisting heart failure.
- G6PD deficiency: Due to the risk for hemolysis and methemoglobinemia, pegloticase is contraindicated in patients with G6PD deficiency. Patients at higher risk for G6PD deficiency (eg, African, Mediterranean) should be screened prior to therapy.
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
- Oral antihyperuricemic agents: Use with oral antihyperuricemic agents may delay interpretations of ineffective pegloticase treatment (ie, serum uric acid >6 mg/dL) and ultimately increase risk for anaphylactoid and/or infusion reactions. Discontinue use of oral antihyperuricemic agents prior to and do not initiate during the course of pegloticase therapy.
Other warnings/precautions:
- Immunogenicity: Potential for immunogenicity exists with the use of therapeutic proteins. Antipegloticase antibodies and antiPEG antibodies commonly occurred during clinical trials in pegloticase-treated patients. High antipegloticase antibody titers were associated with failure to maintain uric acid normalization and were also associated with a higher incidence of infusion reactions. Due to potential for immunogenicity, closely monitor patients who reinitiate therapy after discontinuing treatment for >4 weeks; patients may be at increased risk for anaphylaxis and infusion reactions.
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Adverse events have been observed in some animal reproduction studies.
Pegloticase is a pegylated recombinant form of urate-oxidase enzyme, also known as uricase (an enzyme normally absent in humans and high primates), which converts uric acid to allantoin (an inactive and water soluble metabolite of uric acid); it does not inhibit the formation of uric acid.
Urine (as allantoin)
~24 hours following the first dose, serum uric acid concentrations decreased
>300 hours (12.5 days)
Median: ~14 days
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience bruising, constipation, nausea, vomiting, pharyngitis, or rhinitis. Have patient report immediately to prescriber signs of infusion reaction, angina, shortness of breath, excessive weight gain, or swelling of arms or legs (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.