(pan oh BIN oh stat)
Multiple myeloma: Treatment of multiple myeloma (in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone) in patients who have received at least 2 prior regimens, including bortezomib and an immunomodulatory agent.
There are no contraindications listed in the manufacturer 's labeling.
Severe diarrhea occurred in 25% of panobinostat treated patients. Monitor for symptoms, institute antidiarrheal treatment, interrupt panobinostat, and then reduce dose or discontinue panobinostat.
Cardiovascular events:Severe and fatal cardiac ischemic events, severe arrhythmias, and ECG changes have occurred in patients receiving panobinostat. Arrhythmias may be exacerbated by electrolyte abnormalities. Obtain ECG and electrolytes at baseline and periodically during treatment as clinically indicated.
Determine QTcF prior to the start of therapy and verify that QTcF <450 msec prior to panobinostat initiation. Baseline ANC should be at least 1,500/mm3 and platelets at least 100,000/mm3 prior to treatment. Panobinostat is associated with a moderate emetic potential; consider antiemetics to prevent nausea and vomiting.
Multiple myeloma: Adults: Oral: 20 mg once every other day for 3 doses each week during weeks 1 and 2 of a 21-day treatment cycle (eg, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday of weeks 1 and 2 only, rest during week 3) for up to 8 cycles (in combination with bortezomib and dexamethasone); treatment may continue (the same schedule for panobinostat; bortezomib and dexamethasone schedules are modified) for an additional 8 cycles in patients experiencing clinical benefit and acceptable toxicity (San-Miguel 2014). The total duration of therapy may be up to 16 cycles (48 weeks).
Missed doses: Missed doses may be taken up to 12 hours after the scheduled time. Do not repeat the dose if vomiting occurs; patients should take the next usual scheduled dose.
Dosage adjustment for concomitant therapy:
CYP2D6 substrates: Avoid coadministration with sensitive CYP2D6 substrates (eg, atomoxetine, desipramine, dextromethorphan, metoprolol, nebivolol, perphenazine, tolterodine, venlafaxine) or CYP2D6 substrates that have a narrow therapeutic index (eg, thioridazine, pimozide).
Strong CYP3A inducers: Avoid concomitant use with strong CYP3A inducers.
Strong CYP3A inhibitors: Reduce the starting panobinostat dose to 10 mg with strong CYP3A inhibitors (eg, boceprevir, clarithromycin, conivaptin, indinavir, itraconazole, ketoconazole, lopinavir/ritonavir, nefazodone, nelfinavir, posaconazole, ritonavir, saquinavir, telaprevir, telithromycin, voriconazole).
Refer to adult dosing.
CrCl <80 mL/minute: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling. However, based on a pharmacokinetic study of a single 30 mg dose, renal impairment does not appear to impact panobinostat exposure in patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment (excluding dialysis patients), and initial dosage adjustment is not necessary (Sharma 2015).
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) and ESRD on dialysis: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling (has not been studied). The dialyzability of panobinostat is unknown.
Hepatic impairment prior to treatment:
Mild impairment (bilirubin ≤1 times ULN and AST >1 times ULN or bilirubin >1 to 1.5 times ULN and any AST): Reduce initial dose to 15 mg; monitor frequently for adverse events and adjust dose as needed for toxicity.
Moderate impairment (bilirubin >1.5 to 3 times ULN and any AST): Reduce initial dose to 10 mg; monitor frequently for adverse events and adjust dose as needed for toxicity.
Severe impairment: Avoid use.
Hepatic impairment during treatment: If liver function tests are abnormal, consider dosage adjustments and monitor until liver function returns to normal or baseline.
Panobinostat is associated with a moderate emetic potential; consider antiemetics to prevent nausea and vomiting. Administer orally at approximately the same time on scheduled days. May administer with or without food. Swallow capsule whole with a cup of water. Do not open, crush, or chew the capsules.
Hazardous agent; use appropriate precautions for handling and disposal (meets NIOSH 2014 criteria). NIOSH recommends single gloving for administration of intact capsules (NIOSH 2014). Avoid exposure to crushed and/or broken capsules. Avoid direct skin or mucous membrane contact with powder inside the capsules; if contact occurs, wash thoroughly.
Avoid star fruit, pomegranate or pomegranate juice, and grapefruit or grapefruit juice.
Store at 20 ‚ °C to 25 ‚ °C (68 ‚ °F to 77 ‚ °F); excursions are permitted between 15 ‚ °C and 30 ‚ °C (59 ‚ °F and 86 ‚ °F). Store blister pack in original carton. Protect from light.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Capsule, Oral:
Farydak: 10 mg [contains brilliant blue fcf (fd&c blue #1)]
Farydak: 15 mg, 20 mg
Aprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
BCG (Intravesical): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical). Avoid combination
Bosentan: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Coccidioides immitis Skin Test: Immunosuppressants may diminish the diagnostic effect of Coccidioides immitis Skin Test. Monitor therapy
Conivaptan: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Avoid combination
CYP2D6 Substrates: Panobinostat may increase the serum concentration of CYP2D6 Substrates. Management: Avoid concurrent use of sensitive CYP2D6 substrates when possible, particularly those substrates with a narrow therapeutic index. Consider therapy modification
CYP3A4 Inducers (Moderate): May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inducers (Strong): May decrease the serum concentration of Panobinostat. Avoid combination
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate): May decrease the metabolism of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Strong): May increase the serum concentration of Panobinostat. Management: Reduce the panobinostat dose to 10 mg when it must be used with a strong CYP3A4 inhibitor. Consider therapy modification
Dabrafenib: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Seek alternatives to the CYP3A4 substrate when possible. If concomitant therapy cannot be avoided, monitor clinical effects of the substrate closely (particularly therapeutic effects). Consider therapy modification
Dasatinib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Deferasirox: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Denosumab: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Specifically, the risk for serious infections may be increased. Monitor therapy
Dolasetron: May enhance the arrhythmogenic effect of Panobinostat. Monitor therapy
Echinacea: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Immunosuppressants. Consider therapy modification
Fingolimod: Immunosuppressants may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Fingolimod. Management: Avoid the concomitant use of fingolimod and other immunosuppressants when possible. If combined, monitor patients closely for additive immunosuppressant effects (eg, infections). Consider therapy modification
Fosaprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Fusidic Acid (Systemic): May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Avoid combination
Granisetron: May enhance the arrhythmogenic effect of Panobinostat. Monitor therapy
Grapefruit Juice: May increase the serum concentration of Panobinostat. Avoid combination
Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents: Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents. Avoid combination
Idelalisib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Avoid combination
Ivabradine: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents. Avoid combination
Ivacaftor: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Leflunomide: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Management: Consider not using a leflunomide loading dose in patients receiving other immunosuppressants. Patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressant should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly. Consider therapy modification
Luliconazole: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
MiFEPRIStone: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents. Avoid combination
Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of other Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents. Management: Avoid such combinations when possible. Use should be accompanied by close monitoring for evidence of QT prolongation or other alterations of cardiac rhythm. Consider therapy modification
Natalizumab: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Avoid combination
Netupitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Nivolumab: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Nivolumab. Consider therapy modification
Ondansetron: May enhance the arrhythmogenic effect of Panobinostat. Monitor therapy
Palbociclib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Pimecrolimus: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Pomegranate: May increase the serum concentration of Panobinostat. Avoid combination
QTc-Prolonging Agents (Indeterminate Risk and Risk Modifying): May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents. Monitor therapy
Roflumilast: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants. Consider therapy modification
Siltuximab: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Simeprevir: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Sipuleucel-T: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sipuleucel-T. Monitor therapy
St Johns Wort: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Consider an alternative for one of the interacting drugs. Some combinations may be specifically contraindicated. Consult appropriate manufacturer labeling. Consider therapy modification
Star Fruit: May increase the serum concentration of Panobinostat. Avoid combination
Stiripentol: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Use of stiripentol with CYP3A4 substrates that are considered to have a narrow therapeutic index should be avoided due to the increased risk for adverse effects and toxicity. Any CYP3A4 substrate used with stiripentol requires closer monitoring. Consider therapy modification
Tacrolimus (Topical): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Tocilizumab: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Tofacitinib: Immunosuppressants may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Tofacitinib. Management: Concurrent use with antirheumatic doses of methotrexate or nonbiologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is permitted, and this warning seems particularly focused on more potent immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Trastuzumab: May enhance the neutropenic effect of Immunosuppressants. Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Inactivated): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Management: Vaccine efficacy may be reduced. Complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to starting an immunosuppressant. If vaccinated during immunosuppressant therapy, revaccinate at least 3 months after immunosuppressant discontinuation. Consider therapy modification
Vaccines (Live): Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Live). Management: Avoid use of live organism vaccines with immunosuppressants; live-attenuated vaccines should not be given for at least 3 months after immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Vinflunine: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents. Avoid combination
CBC with differential and platelets (prior to treatment initiation then weekly or more often if clinically indicated during treatment); serum electrolytes, including potassium and magnesium prior to treatment and during treatment (in the clinical trial, electrolytes were monitored prior to the start of each cycle, after the fifth panobinostat dose in week 2 through cycle 8 and then at the beginning of cycles 9 to 16); liver function tests at baseline and regularly during treatment; pregnancy test (in women of reproductive potential, rule out pregnancy prior to and intermittently during treatment); ECG (prior to treatment initiation and periodically as clinically indicated during treatment); hydration status; monitor for gastrointestinal toxicity (eg, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), signs/symptoms of hemorrhage and/or infection.
Frequency not always defined.
>10%:
Cardiovascular: Abnormal T waves on ECG (40%), peripheral edema (29%; grades 3/4: 2%), depression of ST segment on ECG (22%), cardiac arrhythmia (12%; grades 3/4: 3%)
Central nervous system: Fatigue ( ≤60%, grades 3/4: ≤25%), lethargy ( ≤60%; grades 3/4: ≤25%), malaise ( ≤60%; grades 3/4: ≤25%)
Endocrine & metabolic: Hypocalcemia (67%; grades 3/4: 5%), hypoalbuminemia (63%; grades 3/4: 2%), hypophosphatemia (63%; grades 3/4: 20%), hypokalemia (52%; grades 3/4: 18%), hyponatremia (49%; grades 3/4: 13%), hyperphosphatemia (29%; grades 3/4: 2%), hypermagnesemia (27%; grades 3/4: 5%), weight loss (12%; grades 3/4: 2%)
Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (68%; grades 3/4: 25%), nausea (36%; grades 3/4: 6%), decreased appetite (28%; grades 3/4: 3%), vomiting (26%; grades 3/4: 7%)
Hematologic & oncologic: Thrombocytopenia (97%; grades 3/4: 67%), lymphocytopenia (82%; grades 3/4: 53%), leukopenia (81%; grades 3/4: 23%), neutropenia (75%; grades 3/4: 34%), anemia (62%; grades 3/4: 18%)
Hepatic: Hyperbilirubinemia (21%; grades 3/4: 1%)
Infection: Severe infection (31%; includes bacterial, fungal, and viral infections)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Weakness ( ≤60%; grades ≥3: ≤25%)
Renal: Increased serum creatinine (41%; grades 3/4: 1%)
Miscellaneous: Fever (26%)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Hypertension (>2% to <10%), hypotension (>2% to <10%), orthostatic hypotension (>2% to <10%), palpitations (>2% to <10%), syncope (>2% to <10%), ischemic heart disease (4%), ECG changes, prolonged Q-T interval on ECG
Central nervous system: Chills (>2% to <10%), dizziness (>2% to <10%), headache (>2% to <10%), insomnia (>2% to <10%)
Dermatologic: Cheilitis (>2% to <10%), erythema (>2% to <10%), skin lesion (>2% to <10%), skin rash (>2% to <10%)
Endocrine & metabolic: Dehydration (>2% to <10%), fluid retention (>2% to <10%), hyperglycemia (>2% to <10%), hyperuricemia (>2% to <10%), hypomagnesemia (>2% to <10%), hypothyroidism (>2% to <10%)
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal distention (>2% to <10%), abdominal pain (>2% to <10%), colitis (>2% to <10%), dysgeusia (>2% to <10%), dyspepsia (>2% to <10%), flatulence (>2% to <10%), gastritis (>2% to <10%), gastrointestinal pain (>2% to <10%), xerostomia (>2% to <10%), gastrointestinal toxicity
Genitourinary: Urinary incontinence (>2% to <10%)
Hematologic & oncologic: Hemorrhage (grades 3/4: 4%)
Hepatic: Hepatitis B (>2% to <10%), increased serum alkaline phosphatase (>2% to <10%), increased aminotransferases, increased serum bilirubin
Infection: Sepsis (6%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Joint swelling (>2% to <10%), tremor (>2% to <10%)
Renal: Increased blood urea nitrogen (>2% to <10%), mean glomerular filtration rate decreased (>2% to <10%), renal failure (>2% to <10%)
Respiratory: Cough (>2% to <10%), dyspnea (>2% to <10%), rales (>2% to <10%), respiratory failure (>2% to <10%), wheezing (>2% to <10%)
In patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, the AUC was 64%, 99%, and 59% of the normal renal function group, respectively.
In patients with mild and moderate hepatic impairment, the AUC was increased 43% and 105%, respectively (compared with patients with normal hepatic function).
Concerns related to adverse events:
- Bone marrow suppression: Severe thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and anemia have occurred. May require treatment interruption, dosage modification, discontinuation, transfusion or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support. Monitor CBC with differential at baseline and during treatment. Patients >65 years may require more frequent monitoring.
- Cardiovascular events: [US Boxed Warning]: Severe and fatal cardiac ischemic events, severe arrhythmias, and ECG changes have occurred in patients receiving panobinostat. Arrhythmias may be exacerbated by electrolyte abnormalities. Obtain ECG and electrolytes at baseline and periodically during treatment as clinically indicated. ECG abnormalities including ST-segment depression and T-wave abnormalities have been observed. Monitor and correct electrolyte abnormalities as needed. Panobinostat may prolong the QT interval. Do not initiate treatment in patients with a QTcF >450 msec or with clinically significant baseline ST-segment or T-wave abnormalities. Interrupt treatment if QTcF increases to ≥480 msec; correct electrolyte abnormalities; if QT prolongation does not resolve, permanently discontinue panobinostat. Concomitant use with medications known to prolong the QT interval is not recommended. Do not initiate panobinostat treatment in patients with a history of recent MI or unstable angina.
- Gastrointestinal events: [US Boxed Warning]: Severe diarrhea occurred in one-fourth of panobinostat treated patients. Monitor for symptoms, institute antidiarrheal treatment, interrupt panobinostat, and then reduce dose or discontinue panobinostat. Any grade diarrhea was reported in over two-thirds of patients and may occur at any time. Monitor hydration status and serum electrolytes (including magnesium, potassium, and phosphate). Patients should have antidiarrheal medications available for use; begin antidiarrheal medications at the first sign of diarrhea, loose stools, or abdominal cramping. Interrupt panobinostat treatment for moderate diarrhea (4 to 6 stools per day). Panobinostat is associated with nausea and vomiting (moderate emetic potential); consider antiemetics to prevent nausea and vomiting. Some antiemetics known to prolong the QT interval (eg, dolasetron or ondansetron) may be used with frequent ECG monitoring.
- Hemorrhage: Serious and fatal hemorrhage has occurred, including grade 3 and 4 hemorrhage. All patients with hemorrhage also experienced thrombocytopenia at the time of hemorrhage.
- Hepatotoxicity: Hepatic dysfunction (transaminase and total bilirubin elevations) has been reported. Monitor liver function prior to and during treatment. If liver function tests are abnormal, consider dosage adjustments and monitor until liver function returns to normal or baseline. Initial dose should be reduced in patients with mild-to-moderate hepatic impairment; avoid use in patients with severe impairment.
- Infection: Localized and systemic infections (including pneumonia, bacterial infections, invasive fungal infections, and viral infections) have been observed; infections may be severe (or fatal). Do not initiate treatment in patients with active infections. Monitor for sings/symptoms of infections during treatment. If infection occurs, begin appropriate management and consider interrupting or discontinuing panobinostat.
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
- Drug-drug interactions: Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information.
Special handling:
- Hazardous agent: Use appropriate precautions for handling and disposal (meets NIOSH 2014 criteria).
Adverse events were observed in animal reproduction studies. Pregnancy should be ruled out prior to treatment. Women of reproductive potential should avoid pregnancy and use an effective contraceptive during therapy and for at least 3 months after the last panobinostat dose. Males should use condoms during therapy and for at least 6 months after the last dose of panobinostat.
Panobinostat is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor; inhibits enzymatic activity of HDACs resulting in increased acetylation of histone proteins. Accumulation of acetylated histones and other proteins induces cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis of some transformed cells. Panobinostat has minimal activity in multiple myeloma as a single-agent; however, synergistic activity is demonstrated when combined with bortezomib and dexamethasone (San-Miguel 2014).
Extensive via reduction, hydrolysis, oxidation, and glucuronidation; CYP3A accounts for ~40 % of elimination, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 are minor pathways.
Feces (44% to 77%; <4% as unchanged drug); Urine (29% to 51%; <3% as unchanged drug)
Within 2 hours
~37 hours
~90%; to plasma proteins
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience, lack of appetite, or weight loss. Have patient report immediately to prescriber severe diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, arrhythmia, signs of infection, signs of bleeding (vomiting blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds; coughing up blood; blood in the urine; black, red, or tarry stools; bleeding from the gums; abnormal vaginal bleeding; bruises without a reason or that get bigger; or any bleeding that is very bad or that will not stop), signs of fluid and electrolyte problems (mood changes, confusion, muscle pain or weakness, abnormal heartbeat, very bad dizziness or passing out, fast heartbeat, more thirst, seizures, feeling very tired or weak, not hungry, unable to pass urine or change in the amount of urine produced, dry mouth, dry eyes, or nausea or vomiting), signs of liver problems (dark urine, feeling tired, lack of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, light-colored stools, vomiting, or yellow skin or eyes), signs of severe cerebrovascular disease (change in strength on one side is greater than the other, trouble speaking or thinking, change in balance, or change in eyesight), skin discoloration, angina, bradycardia, tachycardia, dizziness, passing out, pale skin, severe headache, severe nausea, vomiting, shortness of breath, swelling of arms or legs, or loss of strength and energy (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.