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Primary biliary cholangitis: Treatment of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in combination with ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid) in adults with an inadequate response to ursodiol, or as monotherapy in adults unable to tolerate ursodiol.
Complete biliary obstruction.
Note: Use in combination with ursodiol (ursodeoxycholic acid) in patients with an inadequate biochemical response to treatment with an appropriate dosage of ursodiol for ≥1 year; may be used as monotherapy in patients unable to tolerate ursodiol.
Primary biliary cholangitis: Oral: Initial: 5 mg once daily; if an adequate reduction in ALP and/or total bilirubin has not been achieved after 3 months, increase to 10 mg once daily (maximum: 10 mg/day).
Refer to adult dosing.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer " ²s labeling (has not been studied in patients with eGFR <60 mL/minute/1.73 m2).
Mild impairment (Child- Pugh class A): No dosage adjustment necessary.
Moderate and severe impairment (Child-Pugh class B and C): Initial: 5 mg once weekly. If adequate reduction in ALP and/or total bilirubin has not been achieved after 3 months, increase to 5 mg twice weekly (at least 3 days apart) and subsequently to 10 mg twice weekly (at least 3 days apart) based on response and tolerability.
Oral: Administer with or without food. For patients taking a bile acid binding resin to manage intolerable pruritus, take obeticholic acid ≥4 hours before or 4 hours after taking the bile acid binding resin.
Store at 20 ‚ ºC to 25 ‚ ºC (68 ‚ ºF to 77 ‚ ºF); excursions permitted to 15 ‚ ºC to 30 ‚ ºC (59 ‚ ºF to 86 ‚ ºF).
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet, Oral:
Ocaliva: 5 mg, 10 mg
Bile Acid Sequestrants: May decrease the serum concentration of Obeticholic Acid. Management: Administer obeticholic acid at least 4 hours before or at least 4 hours after the administration of bile acid sequestrants. Consider therapy modification
CYP1A2 Substrates: Obeticholic Acid may increase the serum concentration of CYP1A2 Substrates. Monitor therapy
TiZANidine: CYP1A2 Inhibitors (Weak) may increase the serum concentration of TiZANidine. Management: Avoid these combinations when possible. If combined use cannot be avoided, initiate tizanidine at an adult dose of 2 mg and increase in 2-4 mg increments based on patient response. Monitor for increased effects of tizanidine, including adverse reactions. Consider therapy modification
Warfarin: Obeticholic Acid may diminish the anticoagulant effect of Warfarin. Monitor therapy
LFTs, including alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin, lipid profile; signs/symptoms of hepatic adverse reactions and/or pruritus.
>10%:
Central nervous system: Fatigue (19% to 25%)
Dermatologic: Pruritus (56% to 70%; severe: 19% to 23%)
Endocrine & metabolic: Decreased HDL cholesterol (9% to 20%)
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (19%)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Peripheral edema (7%), palpitations (3% to 7%)
Central nervous system: Dizziness (7%)
Dermatologic: Skin rash (10%), eczema (3% to 6%)
Endocrine & metabolic: Thyroid dysfunction (4% to 6%)
Gastrointestinal: Constipation (7%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia (6% to 10%)
Respiratory: Oropharyngeal pain (7% to 8%)
Miscellaneous: Fever (7%)
Frequency not defined::
Gastrointestinal: Cholangitis (primary biliary)
Hepatic: Ascites (worsening), jaundice
Mean AUC of total obeticholic acid (the sum of obeticholic acid and its 2 active conjugates) increased by 1.1-, 4- and 17-fold in patients with mild, moderate and severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A, B, and C), respectively.
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Hepatic effects: Dose-related hepatic adverse reactions (eg, jaundice, worsening ascites, primary biliary cholangitis flare) have been reported, as early as one month after initiating therapy. Monitor LFTs and for signs/symptoms of hepatic adverse reactions; in patients who develop clinically significant hepatic-related adverse reactions, weigh the potential risks against the benefits of continuing treatment. Discontinue use in patients who develop complete biliary obstruction.
- Lipid effects: Dose-dependent reductions in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have been reported; monitor lipids during treatment. In patients who experience a reduction in HDL-C and do not respond to therapy after 1 year at the maximum dosage, consider the potential risks against the benefits of continuing obeticholic acid.
- Pruritus: Severe pruritus (ie, intense or widespread itching, interfering with activities of daily living, or causing severe sleep disturbance, or intolerable discomfort, typically requiring medical interventions) has been reported. Consider dosage reduction, temporary interruption of dosing, and/or addition of bile acid resins or antihistamines to manage severe pruritus.
Disease-related concerns:
- Hepatic impairment: Use with caution in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh classes B and C); exposure increases significantly; dosage adjustment recommended.
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
- Drug-drug interactions: Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information.
Adverse events have not been observed in animal reproduction studies.
Obeticholic acid is a farnesoid X receptor agonist; activation of FXR suppresses de novo synthesis of bile acids from cholesterol and increases transport of bile acids out of the hepatocytes, limiting the overall size of the circulating bile acid pool while promoting choleresis.
618 L
Conjugated in the liver to active metabolites (glyco- and tauro- obeticholic acid; activity similar to parent drug) that undergo enterohepatic recirculation and conversion by intestinal microbiota back to obeticholic acid that is reabsorbed or excreted. A third metabolite, 3-glucuronide, has minimal pharmacologic activity.
Feces (~87%); urine (<3%)
Plasma: Obeticholic acid: ~1.5 hours; glyco- and tauro- obeticholic acid: 10 hours
>99%
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience loss of strength or energy, abdominal pain, joint pain, throat pain, dizziness, constipation, or eczema. Have patient report immediately to prescriber signs of liver problems (dark urine, fatigue, lack of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, light-colored stools, vomiting, or jaundice), signs of thyroid problems (change in weight without trying, anxiety, feeling restless, feeling very weak, hair thinning, depression, neck swelling, difficulty focusing, inability handling heat or cold, menstrual changes, tremors, or sweating), severe itching, swelling in the arms or legs, or abnormal heartbeat (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.