(met a proe TER e nol)
Bronchodilator in reversible airway obstruction due to asthma or COPD
Hypersensitivity to metaproterenol or any component of the formulation; pre-existing cardiac arrhythmias associated with tachycardia
Bronchoconstriction: Oral: 20 mg 3-4 times/day
Refer to adult dosing.
Bronchoconstriction: Oral:
<6 years (limited experience): 1.3-2.6 mg/kg/day divided every 6-8 hours
6-9 years (or <27 kg): 10 mg/dose 3-4 times/day
>9 years (or ≥27 kg); Refer to adult dosing.
No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer 's labeling.
No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer 's labeling.
Administer orally without regards to food. May administer with food if GI upset occurs.
Store at room temperature; protect from light. Protect tablets from moisture.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Syrup, Oral, as sulfate:
Generic: 10 mg/5 mL (473 mL)
Tablet, Oral, as sulfate:
Generic: 10 mg, 20 mg
AtoMOXetine: May enhance the tachycardic effect of Beta2-Agonists. Monitor therapy
AtoMOXetine: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. AtoMOXetine may enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy
Atosiban: Beta2-Agonists may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Atosiban. Specifically, there may be an increased risk for pulmonary edema and/or dyspnea. Monitor therapy
Beta-Blockers (Beta1 Selective): May diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists. Of particular concern with nonselective beta-blockers or higher doses of the beta1 selective beta-blockers. Monitor therapy
Beta-Blockers (Nonselective): May diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Beta2-Agonists. Avoid combination
Betahistine: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Beta2-Agonists. Monitor therapy
Cannabinoid-Containing Products: May enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Exceptions: Cannabidiol. Monitor therapy
Doxofylline: Sympathomimetics may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Doxofylline. Monitor therapy
Iobenguane I 123: Sympathomimetics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Iobenguane I 123. Avoid combination
Linezolid: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Management: Reduce initial doses of sympathomimetic agents, and closely monitor for enhanced pressor response, in patients receiving linezolid. Specific dose adjustment recommendations are not presently available. Consider therapy modification
Loop Diuretics: Beta2-Agonists may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Loop Diuretics. Monitor therapy
Loxapine: Agents to Treat Airway Disease may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Loxapine. More specifically, the use of Agents to Treat Airway Disease is likely a marker of patients who are likely at a greater risk for experiencing significant bronchospasm from use of inhaled loxapine. Management: This is specific to the Adasuve brand of loxapine, which is an inhaled formulation. This does not apply to non-inhaled formulations of loxapine. Avoid combination
MAO Inhibitors: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Beta2-Agonists. Monitor therapy
Sympathomimetics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy
Tedizolid: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Tedizolid may enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics: Beta2-Agonists may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics. Monitor therapy
Tricyclic Antidepressants: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Beta2-Agonists. Monitor therapy
Lung sounds, heart rate, and blood pressure; FEV1, peak flow, and/or other pulmonary function tests; CNS stimulation; serum glucose, serum potassium (in selected patients)
>10%:
Cardiovascular: Tachycardia (6% to 17%)
Central nervous system: Nervousness (5% to 20%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Tremor (2% to 17%)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Palpitations (4%)
Central nervous system: Headache (1% to 7%), dizziness (2%), insomnia (2%), fatigue (1%)
Gastrointestinal: Nausea (1% to 4%), diarrhea (1%)
Respiratory: Exacerbation of asthma (2%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Chest pain, diaphoresis, edema, facial edema, hypertension, laryngeal disease, muscle spasm, swelling of fingers, syncope, urticaria, vomiting, weakness
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Hypersensitivity reactions: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions (urticaria, angioedema, rash, bronchospasm) have been reported.
Disease-related concerns:
- Asthma: Appropriate use: Metaproterenol (a less selective beta2-agonist) is not recommended in the management of asthma due to potential for excessive cardiac stimulation (NAEPP, 2007). Oral systemic agents (eg, tablets, syrup) should be avoided due to increased risk of adverse effects (eg, excessive cardiac stimulation).
- Cardiovascular disease: Use with caution in patients with cardiovascular disease (arrhythmia or hypertension or HF); beta-agonists may cause elevation in blood pressure, heart rate and result in CNS stimulation/excitation. Beta2-agonists may also increase risk of arrhythmias.
- Chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD): Appropriate use: Inhaled bronchodilators are preferred therapy for COPD exacerbations; oral systemic agents (eg, tablets, syrup) should be avoided due to increased risk of adverse effects (eg, excessive cardiac stimulation).
- Diabetes: Use with caution in patients with diabetes mellitus; beta2-agonists may increase serum glucose.
- Glaucoma: Use with caution in patients with glaucoma; beta2-agonists may elevate intraocular pressure.
- Hyperthyroidism: Use with caution in hyperthyroidism; beta2-agonists may stimulate thyroid activity.
- Hypokalemia: Use with caution in patients with hypokalemia; beta2-agonists may decrease serum potassium.
- Seizures: Use with caution in patients with seizure disorders; beta-agonists may result in CNS stimulation/excitation.
Dosage form specific issues:
- Benzyl alcohol and derivatives: Some dosage forms may contain sodium benzoate/benzoic acid; benzoic acid (benzoate) is a metabolite of benzyl alcohol; large amounts of benzyl alcohol ( ≥99 mg/kg/day) have been associated with a potentially fatal toxicity ( "gasping syndrome " �) in neonates; the "gasping syndrome " � consists of metabolic acidosis, respiratory distress, gasping respirations, CNS dysfunction (including convulsions, intracranial hemorrhage), hypotension, and cardiovascular collapse (AAP [Inactive" 1997]; CDC, 1982); some data suggests that benzoate displaces bilirubin from protein binding sites (Ahlfors, 2001); avoid or use dosage forms containing benzyl alcohol derivative with caution in neonates. See manufacturer 's labeling.
C
Adverse events were observed in some animal reproduction studies. Beta agonists, including metaproterenol, may interfere with uterine contractility if administered during labor; maternal and fetal tachycardia have been observed (Baillie, 1970; Tyack, 1971).
Uncontrolled asthma is associated with adverse events on pregnancy (increased risk of perinatal mortality, pre-eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight infants). Oral beta2-receptor agonists are not recommended to treat asthma during pregnancy (NAEPP, 2005).
Stimulates beta2-receptors which increases the conversion of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to 3 '-5 '-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), resulting in bronchial smooth muscle relaxation
Oral: Well absorbed
Extensive first-pass in the liver (~40% of oral dose is available)
Mainly as glucuronic acid conjugates
Bronchodilation: Oral: ~30 minutes; Peak effect: Oral: ~1 hour
~2 to 6 hours, regardless of route administered
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience anxiety, insomnia, or headache. Have patient report immediately to prescriber uncontrollable breathing attack, decreased peak flow measurement, angina, tachycardia, arrhythmia, severe dizziness, passing out, tremors, or swelling of arms or legs (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for healthcare professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience and judgment in diagnosing, treating and advising patients.