(eye VAB ra deen)
Heart failure: Reduce the risk of hospitalization for worsening heart failure in patients with stable, symptomatic (NYHA class II to III according to the ACC/AHA/HFSA heart failure guidelines [Yancy 2016]) chronic heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35%, who are in sinus rhythm with resting heart rate ≥70 beats per minute (bpm) and either are on maximally tolerated doses of beta blockers or have a contraindication to beta-blocker use.
Acute decompensated heart failure; blood pressure <90/50 mm Hg; sick sinus syndrome, sinoatrial block, or third-degree AV block (unless a functioning demand pacemaker is present); resting heart rate <60 bpm prior to treatment; severe hepatic impairment; pacemaker dependence (heart rate maintained exclusively by the pacemaker); concomitant use with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors
Heart failure: Oral: Initial: 5 mg twice daily or 2.5 mg twice daily in patients with a history of conduction defects or who may experience hemodynamic compromise due to bradycardia. After 2 weeks, adjust dose to achieve a resting heart rate between 50 and 60 beats per minute (bpm). Thereafter, adjust dose as needed based on resting heart rate and tolerability. Maximum dose: 7.5 mg twice daily.
Dosage adjustment based on resting heart rate:
If heart rate >60 bpm: Increase dose by 2.5 mg twice daily (maximum dose: 7.5 mg twice daily)
If heart rate 50 to 60 bpm: Maintain dose
If heart rate <50 bpm or signs and symptoms of bradycardia: Decrease dose by 2.5 mg twice daily; if current dose is 2.5 mg twice daily, discontinue therapy
Stable angina (off-label use): Adults <75 years: Oral: Initial: 2.5 to 5 mg twice daily; titrate up in increments of 2.5 mg after 3 to 4 weeks if symptoms persist and heart rate is greater than 60 bpm to a maximum dose of 7.5 mg twice daily. Discontinue therapy if angina symptoms do not improve within 3 months of initiation. Also consider discontinuation if improvement of angina symptoms is limited and no clinically significant heart rate reduction occurs in the first 3 months. If heart rate is lower than 50 bpm at rest or patient experiences symptomatic bradycardia (eg, dizziness, fatigue, hypotension) during therapy, decrease dose by 2.5 mg per dose, or discontinue if already at the minimum dose of 2.5 mg twice daily. Monitor heart rate carefully after dosage reduction. If heart rate continues to be lower than 50 bpm or symptoms of bradycardia persist, discontinue ivabradine (Corlentor 2015).
If symptoms are not controlled on beta-blocker or calcium channel blocker monotherapy, addition of ivabradine can be considered. If combined with a calcium channel blocker, use of a dihydropyridine (such as slow-release nifedipine, amlodipine, or felodipine) is suggested. (Montalescot 2013; NICE 2012).
Heart failure: Refer to adult dosing.
Stable angina (off-label use): Adults ≥75 years: Initial: Oral: Consider 2.5 mg twice daily. Titration and maintenance: Refer to adult dosing.
CrCl ≥15 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment necessary.
CrCl <15 mL/minute: There are no dosage adjustments provided in manufacturer 's labeling (has not been studied); use with caution.
Mild or moderate impairment (Child-Pugh class A or B): No dosage adjustment necessary.
Severe impairment (Child-Pugh class C): Use is contraindicated (has not been studied; increase in systemic exposure anticipated).
Oral: Administer with meals.
Store at 25 ‚ ºC (77 ‚ ºF); excursions are permitted between 15 ‚ ºC and 30 ‚ ºC (59 ‚ ºF and 86 ‚ ºF).
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Tablet, Oral:
Corlanor: 5 mg [scored]
Corlanor: 7.5 mg
Bosentan: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Bradycardia-Causing Agents: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Ivabradine. Monitor therapy
Bretylium: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents. Bretylium may also enhance atrioventricular (AV) blockade in patients receiving AV blocking agents. Monitor therapy
Calcium Channel Blockers (Nondihydropyridine): May enhance the bradycardic effect of Ivabradine. Ivabradine may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Calcium Channel Blockers (Nondihydropyridine). Specifically, the QTc prolonging effects of bepridil may be enhanced. Calcium Channel Blockers (Nondihydropyridine) may increase the serum concentration of Ivabradine. Specifically, verapamil or diltiazem may increase serum ivabradine concentrations. Avoid combination
Ceritinib: Bradycardia-Causing Agents may enhance the bradycardic effect of Ceritinib. Management: If this combination cannot be avoided, monitor patients for evidence of symptomatic bradycardia, and closely monitor blood pressure and heart rate during therapy. Avoid combination
Conivaptan: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Avoid combination
CYP3A4 Inducers (Moderate): May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
CYP3A4 Inducers (Strong): May decrease the serum concentration of Ivabradine. Avoid combination
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Moderate): May increase the serum concentration of Ivabradine. Avoid combination
CYP3A4 Inhibitors (Strong): May increase the serum concentration of Ivabradine. Avoid combination
Dabrafenib: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Seek alternatives to the CYP3A4 substrate when possible. If concomitant therapy cannot be avoided, monitor clinical effects of the substrate closely (particularly therapeutic effects). Consider therapy modification
Dasatinib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Deferasirox: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Fosaprepitant: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Fusidic Acid (Systemic): May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Avoid combination
Grapefruit Juice: May increase the serum concentration of Ivabradine. Avoid combination
Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents: Ivabradine may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents. Avoid combination
Idelalisib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Avoid combination
Ivacaftor: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Lacosamide: Bradycardia-Causing Agents may enhance the AV-blocking effect of Lacosamide. Monitor therapy
Loop Diuretics: May enhance the arrhythmogenic effect of Ivabradine. Monitor therapy
Luliconazole: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents: Ivabradine may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents. Avoid combination
Palbociclib: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Regorafenib: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Ivabradine. Monitor therapy
Ruxolitinib: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents. Management: Ruxolitinib Canadian product labeling recommends avoiding use with bradycardia-causing agents to the extent possible. Monitor therapy
Siltuximab: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Simeprevir: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
St Johns Wort: May decrease the serum concentration of Ivabradine. Avoid combination
Stiripentol: May increase the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Management: Use of stiripentol with CYP3A4 substrates that are considered to have a narrow therapeutic index should be avoided due to the increased risk for adverse effects and toxicity. Any CYP3A4 substrate used with stiripentol requires closer monitoring. Consider therapy modification
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics: May enhance the arrhythmogenic effect of Ivabradine. Monitor therapy
Tocilizumab: May decrease the serum concentration of CYP3A4 Substrates. Monitor therapy
Tofacitinib: May enhance the bradycardic effect of Bradycardia-Causing Agents. Monitor therapy
Heart rate (prior to initiation, prior to increasing dose, or after decreasing dose); monitor heart rate more closely if receiving other negative chronotropes (eg, amiodarone, beta-blockers, digoxin); blood pressure; regularly monitor cardiac rhythm (assessing for atrial fibrillation)
Frequency not always defined.
Cardiovascular: Bradycardia (6% to 10%), hypertension (9%), atrial fibrillation (5% to 8%), heart block, sinoatrial arrest
Central nervous system: Phosphene (3%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Angioedema, diplopia, erythema, hypotension, pruritus, skin rash, syncope, urticaria, vertigo, visual impairment
Concerns related to adverse events:
- Atrial fibrillation: Ivabradine increases the risk of atrial fibrillation; monitor cardiac rhythm. Discontinue use if atrial fibrillation develops.
- Bradycardia and conduction disturbances: Ivabradine may cause bradycardia, sinus arrest, and heart block; monitor heart rate prior to initiation and with any dosage adjustment. Risk factors for bradycardia include sinus node dysfunction, conduction defects (eg, first- or second-degree AV block, bundle branch block), ventricular dyssynchrony, and use of other negative chronotropes (eg, digoxin, diltiazem, verapamil, amiodarone). Avoid use with verapamil and diltiazem. Avoid use in patients with second-degree AV block (unless a functioning demand pacemaker is present). Use is contraindicated in patients with sick sinus syndrome, sinoatrial block, third-degree AV block (unless a functioning demand pacemaker is present), or pacemaker dependence. Decrease dose or discontinue use if heart rate <50 bpm persists during therapy. Use is contraindicated in patients with pretreatment heart rate <60 bpm. In patients with history of conduction defects or those in whom bradycardia could lead to hemodynamic compromise, initial dosage reduction is recommended. Heart rate reduction may prolong the uncorrected QT interval while QTc interval remains unchanged (Camm 2003; Murat 2009). At concentrations slightly higher than that achieved with therapeutic dosing, ivabradine prolonged ventricular repolarization in perfused guinea-pig hearts (Melgari 2015). Torsades de pointes has been reported when used with other drugs that produce bradycardia or prolong the QT interval (Cocco 2015; Mittal 2014).
- Visual function: Phosphenes (described as transient enhanced brightness in a limited area of the visual field, halos, image decomposition, colored bright lights, or multiple images) may occur with use. Onset is generally within the first 2 months of therapy and is reported to be of mild to moderate intensity; most cases resolve during or after treatment discontinuation.
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
- Drug-drug interactions: Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information.
Based on information from animal reproduction studies, fetal harm may occur if ivabradine is administered to pregnant women. Effective contraception is recommended in women of reproductive potential. If treatment is needed during pregnancy, closely monitor for destabilization of heart failure that could potentially result from heart rate slowing caused by ivabradine, especially during the first trimester. Pregnant women with chronic heart failure should also be monitored for preterm birth.
Selective and specific inhibition of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels (f-channels) within the sinoatrial (SA) node of cardiac tissue resulting in disruption of If ion current flow prolonging diastolic depolarization, slowing firing in the SA node, and ultimately reducing heart rate. Has not demonstrated effects on myocardial contractility or relaxation, ventricular repolarization, or conduction apart from the sinus node effects. Partial inhibition of the retinal Ih current (similar to the cardiac If current) may explain visual disturbances (eg, phosphenes) (Nawarskas 2015).
Vd: ~100 L
Extensively intestinal and hepatic via CYP3A4; major active metabolite equipotent to ivabradine is the N-desmethylated derivative (S 18982) which is also metabolized by CYP3A4
Urine (~4% as unchanged drug)
Plasma: ~1 hour (fasting); ~2 hours (with food)
Distribution half-life: ~2 hours; Effective half-life: ~6 hours
~70%
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Have patient report immediately to prescriber bradycardia, arrhythmia, dizziness, passing out, angina, shortness of breath, loss of strength and energy, vision changes, or severe headache (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.