Dyphylline
(DYE fi lin)
Bronchodilator in reversible airway obstruction due to asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema
Hypersensitivity to dyphylline, xanthine compounds, or any component of the formulation
Bronchoconstriction (asthma, COPD): Oral: Up to 15 mg/kg 4 times daily, individualize dosage
Refer to adult dosing.
No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer 's labeling; primarily undergoes renal elimination and an increase in systemic exposure is likely. The following adjustments have been recommended (Aronoff, 2007):
CrCl >50 mL/minute: Administer 75% of normal dose
CrCl 10-50 mL/minute: Administer 50% of normal dose
CrCl <10 mL/minute: Administer 25% of normal dose
No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer 's labeling.
Store at 20 ‚ °C to 25 ‚ °C (68 ‚ °F to 77 ‚ °F).
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Tablet, Oral:
Lufyllin: 200 mg [DSC], 400 mg [DSC] [scored]
Acebrophylline: May enhance the stimulatory effect of Theophylline Derivatives. Avoid combination
Adenosine: Theophylline Derivatives may diminish the therapeutic effect of Adenosine. Consider therapy modification
AtoMOXetine: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. AtoMOXetine may enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy
Benzodiazepines: Theophylline Derivatives may diminish the therapeutic effect of Benzodiazepines. Consider therapy modification
Beta-Blockers (Beta1 Selective): May diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Theophylline Derivatives. Management: Monitor for reduced theophylline efficacy during concomitant use with any beta-blocker. Beta-1 selective agents are less likely to antagonize theophylline than nonselective agents, but selectivity may be lost at higher doses. Monitor therapy
Beta-Blockers (Nonselective): May diminish the bronchodilatory effect of Theophylline Derivatives. Consider therapy modification
Cannabinoid-Containing Products: May enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Exceptions: Cannabidiol. Monitor therapy
Doxofylline: Theophylline Derivatives may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Doxofylline. Avoid combination
Formoterol: Theophylline Derivatives may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Formoterol. Theophylline Derivatives may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Formoterol. Monitor therapy
Indacaterol: Theophylline Derivatives may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Indacaterol. Theophylline Derivatives may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Indacaterol. Monitor therapy
Iobenguane I 123: Sympathomimetics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Iobenguane I 123. Avoid combination
Linezolid: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Management: Reduce initial doses of sympathomimetic agents, and closely monitor for enhanced pressor response, in patients receiving linezolid. Specific dose adjustment recommendations are not presently available. Consider therapy modification
Lithium: Theophylline Derivatives may decrease the serum concentration of Lithium. Monitor therapy
Methotrexate: May increase the serum concentration of Theophylline Derivatives. Monitor therapy
Olodaterol: Theophylline Derivatives may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Olodaterol. Theophylline Derivatives may enhance the hypokalemic effect of Olodaterol. Monitor therapy
Pancuronium: Theophylline Derivatives may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Pancuronium. Theophylline Derivatives may diminish the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Pancuronium. Management: Pancuronium dosage adjustment may be necessary to induce paralysis in patients receiving concomitant theophylline derivatives. Monitor closely for adverse effects (e.g., cardiac effects) with concomitant use of these agents. Consider therapy modification
Probenecid: May increase the serum concentration of Theophylline Derivatives. Monitor therapy
QuiNINE: May increase the serum concentration of Theophylline Derivatives. Monitor therapy
Riociguat: Theophylline Derivatives may enhance the hypotensive effect of Riociguat. Avoid combination
Sympathomimetics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy
Tedizolid: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Tedizolid may enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy
Frequency not defined. Reactions reported with other xanthine derivatives and may be dose-related.
Cardiovascular: Circulatory shock, extrasystoles, flushing, hypotension, palpitations, tachycardia, ventricular arrhythmia
Central nervous system: Agitation, headache, hyperexcitability, insomnia, irritability, restlessness, seizure
Endocrine & metabolic: Albuminuria, hyperglycemia, SIADH
Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea, epigastric pain, hematemesis, nausea, vomiting
Genitourinary: Diuresis, hematuria
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Muscle twitching
Respiratory: Tachypnea
Clearance would be correspondingly reduced in patients with impaired renal function.
Disease-related concerns:
- Cardiovascular disease: Use with caution in patients with severe cardiac disease including, acute myocardial injury, hypertension, and heart failure.
- Hyperthyroidism: Use with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism.
- Peptic ulcer disease: Use with caution in patient with peptic ulcer disease.
- Renal impairment: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment; dose adjustment may be required.
- Status asthmaticus: Xanthine derivatives, including dyphylline, are not indicated for the management of status asthmaticus.
C
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted.
Causes bronchodilatation, through phosphodiesterase inhibition which increases concentrations of cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) and produces relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle.
Rapid
Not converted to free theophylline in vivo
Urine (88% as unchanged drug)
Plasma: ~45 minutes; Anuric patients: may be increased 3 to 4 times normal
~2 hours (may be increased in renal impairment)
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience agitation. Have patient report immediately to prescriber tachycardia, arrhythmia, fast breathing, severe dizziness, passing out, severe anxiety, severe nausea, severe vomiting, severe diarrhea, severe headache, confusion, insomnia, seizures, tremors, vomiting blood, or blood in urine (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for healthcare professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience and judgment in diagnosing, treating and advising patients.