(dar a TOOM ue mab)
Multiple myeloma, relapsed/refractory: Treatment of multiple myeloma in patients who have received at least 3 prior lines of therapy including a proteasome inhibitor (PI) and an immunomodulatory agent or who are double-refractory to a PI and an immunomodulatory agent.
There are no contraindications listed in the manufacturer 's labeling.
Note: Premedicate approximately 1 hour prior to infusion with an IV corticosteroid, an oral antipyretic, and an oral or IV antihistamine. Post-infusion, administer an oral corticosteroid on the first and second day after each infusion to reduce the risk of delayed infusion reactions. To prevent herpes zoster reactivation, initiate antiviral prophylaxis within 1 week of starting daratumumab and continue for 3 months following completion of treatment. Per the manufacturer, daratumumab dosing should be based on actual body weight.
Multiple myeloma, relapsed/refractory: Adults: IV:
Weeks 1 to 8: 16 mg/kg once weekly
Weeks 9 to 24: 16 mg/kg once every 2 weeks
Weeks 25 and beyond: 16 mg/kg once every 4 weeks until disease progression
Missed dose: If a dose is missed, administer as soon as possible and adjust the schedule accordingly (maintain the treatment interval).
Premedications:
Corticosteroid: IV: Methylprednisolone 100 mg or equivalent intermediate- or long-acting corticosteroid; following the second infusion, the dose may be decreased (eg, methylprednisolone 60 mg or equivalent) plus
Antipyretic: Oral: Acetaminophen 650 to 1000 mg plus
Antihistamine: IV or Oral: Diphenhydramine 25 to 50 mg or equivalent
Post-infusion medication: Administer an oral corticosteroid (eg, methylprednisolone 20 mg or equivalent) on the first and second day after all infusions. In patients with a history of obstructive pulmonary disorder, consider short and long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids post-infusion. If no major infusion reactions occur during the first 4 infusions, these additional inhaled post-infusion medications may be discontinued.
Refer to adult dosing.
Preexisting impairment: No dosage adjustment is necessary.
Mild impairment (total bilirubin 1 to 1.5 times ULN or AST >ULN): No dosage adjustment necessary.
Moderate to severe impairment (total bilirubin >1.5 times ULN and any AST): There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling (has not been studied).
Determine the appropriate dose and volume of daratumumab required (based on patient 's actual body weight); daratumumab should be colorless to pale yellow (do not use if opaque particles, discoloration, or other foreign particles are observed). Remove the volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection from the infusion bag that is equal to the required volume of the daratumumab dose. Add the appropriate daratumumab volume to a 1,000 mL (first infusion) or 500 mL (subsequent infusions) 0.9% sodium chloride bag; gently invert to mix (do not shake). Infusion bags/containers must be made of polyvinylchloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) or polyolefin blend (PP+PE). If the diluted solution is refrigerated prior to use, allow to come to room temperature before administration. After dilution, may develop very small translucent to white proteinaceous particles; do not use if discolored or if visibly opaque or foreign particles are observed.
For IV infusion only. Do not administer IV push or as a bolus. Premedicate with an IV corticosteroid, acetaminophen, and an IV or oral antihistamine (see Dosing) approximately 60 minutes prior to administration. Infuse in an environment equipped to monitor for and manage infusion reactions. Administer with an infusion set fitted with a flow regulator and with an inline, sterile, non-pyrogenic, low protein-binding polyethersulfone filter (0.22 or 0.2 micrometer). Polyurethane, polybutadiene, polyvinylchloride, polypropylene, or polyethylene administration sets are required. Do not exceed infusion rates below. Do not mix with or infuse with other medications. Begin infusion immediately after infusion bag reaches room temperature (if refrigerated). Infusion should be completed within 15 hours. Interrupt infusion for any severity of infusion reaction; if the reaction resolves or improves to ≤ grade 2, may resume infusion (see Dosage Adjustment for Toxicity). If infusion cannot be completed, do not save unused portion for reuse. Post-infusion, administer an oral corticosteroid on the first and second day after all infusions to reduce the risk of delayed infusion reactions. In patients with a history of obstructive pulmonary disorder, consider short and long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids post-infusion.
Infusion rate:
First infusion (1,000 mL volume): Infuse at 50 mL/hour for the first hour. If no infusion reactions occur, may increase the rate by 50 mL/hour every hour (maximum rate: 200 mL/hour).
Second infusion (500 mL volume): Infuse at 50 mL/hour for the first hour. Escalate the rate only if there were no grade 1 or greater infusion reactions during the first 3 hours of the first infusion. If no infusion reactions occur, may increase the rate by 50 mL/hour every hour (maximum rate: 200 mL/hour).
Subsequent infusions (500 mL volume): Escalate the rate only if there were no grade 1 or greater infusion reactions during a final infusion rate of ≥100 mL/hour in the first 2 infusions. Infuse at 100 mL/hour for the first hour. If no infusion reactions occur, may increase the rate by 50 mL/hour every hour (maximum rate: 200 mL/hour).
Store intact vials at 2 ‚ °C to 8 ‚ °C (36 ‚ °F to 46 ‚ °F). Do not freeze or shake; protect from light. Solutions diluted for infusion in NS may be stored for up to 24 hours at 2 ‚ °C to 8 ‚ °C (36 ‚ °F to 46 ‚ °F) if protected from light; do not freeze. Use immediately after coming to room temperature; infusion should be completed within 15 hours. Discard any unused portion of the solution.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Solution, Intravenous [preservative free]:
Darzalex: 100 mg/5 mL (5 mL); 400 mg/20 mL (20 mL) [contains mouse (murine) and/or hamster protein]
There are no known significant interactions.
Complete blood cell counts as clinically necessary; type and screen (blood type) prior to initiating therapy; signs/symptoms of infusion reactions.
Daratumumab binds to CD38 on red blood cells and results in a positive indirect antiglobulin test (Coombs test), which may persist for up to 6 months after the last infusion. Daratumumab may also mask antibody detection to minor antigens in the patient 's serum. Mitigation methods include treating reagent red blood cells with dithiothreitol (DTT) to disrupt daratumumab binding or genotyping. As the Kell blood group system is also sensitive to DTT, K-negative units should be supplied after ruling out or identifying alloantibodies using DTT-treated red blood cells.
Daratumumab may be detected on both serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation assays used for multiple myeloma endogenous M-protein monitoring, and may affect the determination of complete response and disease progression of some patients with IgG kappa myeloma protein. In patients with persistent very good partial response, consider other methods to evaluate the depth of treatment response.
Cardiovascular: Hypertension (10%)
Central nervous system: Fatigue (39%), headache (12%), chills (10%)
Gastrointestinal: Nausea (27%), diarrhea (16%), constipation (15%), decreased appetite (15%), vomiting (14%)
Hematologic & oncologic: Lymphocytopenia (72%; grade: 3: 30%; grade 4: 10%), neutropenia (60%; grade 3: 17%; grade 4: 3%), thrombocytopenia (48%; grade 3: 10%; grade 4: 8%), anemia (45%; grade 3: 19%)
Infection: Herpes zoster (3%)
Local: Infusion site reaction (first infusion: 46% to 48%; grade 3: 3%; second infusion: 5%; subsequent infusions: 4%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Back pain (23%), arthralgia (17%), leg pain (15%), musculoskeletal chest pain (12%)
Respiratory: Cough (21%), upper respiratory (20%), nasal congestion (17%), dyspnea (15%), nasopharyngitis (15%), pneumonia (6% to 11%)
Miscellaneous: Fever (3% to 21%), physical health deterioration (3%)
Body weight: Central volume of distribution and clearance increase with increasing body weight.
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Bone marrow suppression: Lymphopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia (including grade 3 and 4 toxicity) were commonly reported as treatment emergent adverse reactions in clinical trials. Monitor complete blood counts as clinically necessary.
- Infusion reactions: Severe infusion reactions may occur (including bronchospasm, hypoxia, dyspnea, and hypertension), mostly during the first infusion. Other signs and symptoms include cough, wheezing, larynx and throat tightness/irritation, laryngeal edema, pulmonary edema, nasal congestion, and allergic rhinitis. Less commonly reported symptoms include hypotension, headache, rash urticarial, pruritus, nausea, vomiting, and chills. Infusion reactions were reported in approximately 50% of patients in clinical trials. Reactions may also be seen during subsequent infusions, and generally occur either during the infusion or within 4 hours of completion (median onset was 1.5 hours [range: up to ~9 hours]); some reactions occurred up to 48 hours after the infusion. Premedication with antihistamines, antipyretics, and corticosteroids is required; interrupt infusion for any reaction and manage as appropriate. Reduce the infusion rate for grade 1, 2, or 3 reaction; permanently discontinue therapy for grade 4 infusion reaction. Administer in a facility with immediate access to resuscitative measures (eg, glucocorticoids, epinephrine, bronchodilators, and/or oxygen). Administer oral corticosteroids on the first and second day after infusion to reduce the risk of delayed infusion reactions. Consider short- and long-acting bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids for patients with obstructive pulmonary disorders; monitor closely.
Disease-related concerns:
- Interference with determination of myeloma response: Daratumumab (a human IgG kappa monoclonal antibody) may be detected on serum protein electrophoresis and immunofixation assays which monitor for endogenous M-protein. Interference with these assays by daratumumab may affect the determination of complete response and disease progression in some patients with IgG kappa myeloma protein.
Other warnings/precautions:
- Interference with serological testing: Through binding to CD38 on red blood cells, daratumumab use may result in a positive indirect antiglobulin test (Coombs test). Daratumumab-mediated Coombs test positivity may persist for up to 6 months after the last infusion. In addition, daratumumab (bound to red blood cells) masks antibody detection to minor antigens in the patient 's serum; ABO and Rh blood type determination are not affected. Notify blood transfusion centers and blood banks that a patient has received daratumumab, and type and screen patients prior to therapy initiation.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted. Daratumumab is a monoclonal antibody; monoclonal antibodies are known to cross the placenta. Based on the mechanism of action, daratumumab may cause myeloid or lymphoid cell depletion and decreased bone density in the fetus. Females of reproduction potential should use effective contraception during therapy and for 3 months after treatment is complete. The administration of live vaccines should be deferred for neonates and infants exposed to daratumumab in utero until a hematology evaluation can be completed.
Daratumumab is an IgG1 Ž º human monoclonal antibody directed against CD38. CD38 is a cell surface glycoprotein which is highly expressed on myeloma cells, yet is expressed at low levels on normal lymphoid and myeloid cells (Lokhorst 2015). By binding to CD38, daratumumab inhibits the growth of CD38 expressing tumor cells by inducing apoptosis directly through Fc mediated cross linking as well as by immune-mediated tumor cell lysis through complement dependent cytotoxicity, antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity, and antibody dependent cellular phagocytosis.
Central: 4.7 ‚ ± 1.3 L
18 ‚ ± 9 days
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience back pain, joint pain, pharyngitis, diarrhea, constipation, or lack of appetite. Have patient report immediately to prescriber shortness of breath, dizziness, passing out, headache, wheezing, coughing, rhinitis, rhinorrhea, nausea, vomiting, chills, angina, severe loss of strength and energy, bruising, or bleeding (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.