(AZ tree oh nam)
Cystic fibrosis: Improve respiratory symptoms in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections
Hypersensitivity to aztreonam or any component of the formulation
Cystic fibrosis: Inhalation (nebulizer): 75 mg 3 times daily (at least 4 hours apart) for 28 days; do not repeat for 28 days after completion. Note: Pretreatment with a bronchodilator is recommended
Cystic fibrosis:Note: Pretreatment with a bronchodilator is recommended.
US labeling: Children ≥7 years and Adolescents: Inhalation (nebulizer): Refer to adult dosing.
Canadian labeling: Children ≥6 years and Adolescents: Inhalation (nebulizer): Refer to adult dosing.
No dosage adjustment necessary.
US labeling: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling.
Canadian labeling: No dosage adjustment is necessary; minimal systemic absorption following inhalation.
Reconstitute with 1 mL of sterile diluent (saline) immediately prior to use. Squeeze diluent into opened glass vial. Replace rubber stopper and gently swirl vial until contents have completely dissolved.
Administer using only an Altera nebulizer system; administer alone; do not mix with other nebulizer medications. Administer a bronchodilator before administration of aztreonam (short-acting: 15 minutes to 4 hours before; long-acting: 30 minutes to 12 hours before). For patients on multiple inhaled therapies, administer bronchodilator first, then mucolytic, and lastly, aztreonam.
To administer Cayston, pour reconstituted solution into the handset of the nebulizer system, turn unit on. Place the mouthpiece in the patient 's mouth and encourage to breathe normally through the mouth. Administration time is usually 2 to 3 minutes. Administer doses ≥4 hours apart.
Prior to reconstitution, store at 2 ‚ °C to 8 ‚ °C (36 ‚ °F to 46 ‚ °F). Once removed from refrigeration, aztreonam and the diluent may be stored at room temperature (up to 25 ‚ °C [77 ‚ °F]) for ≤28 days. Protect from light. Use immediately after reconstitution.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Solution Reconstituted, Inhalation [preservative free]:
Cayston: 75 mg (1 mL) [arginine free]
Lactobacillus and Estriol: Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus and Estriol. Monitor therapy
Consider measuring FEV1 prior to initiation of therapy
>10%:
Gastrointestinal: Pharyngolaryngeal pain (12%)
Respiratory: Cough (54%), nasal congestion (16%), wheezing (16%)
Miscellaneous: Fever (13%; more common in children)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Chest discomfort (8%)
Dermatologic: Skin rash (2%)
Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain (7%), vomiting (6%)
Respiratory: Bronchospasm (3%; patients experienced ≥15% reduction in FEV1)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Arthralgia, facial rash, facial swelling, hypersensitivity reaction, joint swelling, pharyngeal edema
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Beta-lactam allergy: Rare cross-allergenicity to penicillins, cephalosporins, or carbapenems may occur; use with caution in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to beta-lactams.
- Bronchospasm: May occur following nebulization; administer a bronchodilator prior to treatment.
Dosage form specific issues:
- Appropriate use: Safety and efficacy has not been established in patients with FEV1 <25% or >75% predicted. Compare patient 's baseline FEV1 prior to therapy and the presence of other symptoms when deciding if post-treatment FEV1 changes (eg, decline) are caused by a pulmonary exacerbation. Reserve use for CF patients with known Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Patients colonized with Burkholderia cepacia have not been studied.
B
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with aztreonam solution for inhalation; however, adverse events were not observed in animal reproduction studies conducted with the injection. Aztreonam crosses the placenta and reaches the fetal circulation following IV administration; however, peak plasma concentrations following inhalation of aztreonam are significantly less than those observed following aztreonam IV.
Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls, thus inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis. Bacteria eventually lyse due to ongoing activity of cell wall autolytic enzymes (autolysins and murein hydrolases), while cell wall assembly is arrested. Monobactam structure makes cross-allergenicity with beta-lactams unlikely.
Low systemic absorption
Urine (10% [compared with 60% to 70% for injection] as unchanged drug)
Adults: 2.1 hours
56%
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience vomiting, rhinitis, pharyngitis, or abdominal pain. Have patient report immediately to prescriber angina, persistent cough, or difficulty breathing (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.