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In Vitro Fertilization


Why is this procedure done?


Sometimes, getting pregnant is not easy. Using special ways to get you pregnant may be needed. One is called in vitro fertilization, or IVF. ‚  
In vitro fertilization is when a womans egg and a man's sperm are joined together in a laboratory dish. When the procedure is successful, an embryo will be formed. This embryo will be put back into the woman. This is done to help a woman get pregnant. It is used to solve problems when you cannot have a baby by natural methods. IVF may be an option if you or your partner has: ‚  
  • A low sperm count or sperm not able to get to the egg
  • Irritated lining of the uterus
  • Problems with the womb or tubes where the eggs pass
  • Problems with making eggs
  • Problems inside the uterus that harm the sperm or egg
  • Unknown reasons for not getting pregnant

There are 5 steps during in vitro fertilization: ‚  
  • Stimulation ¢ ˆ ’ Drugs are given to boost the number of eggs made
  • Egg retrieval ¢ ˆ ’ The eggs are removed from the woman. This is a small surgery where the doctor collects the biggest eggs.
  • Sperm collection ¢ ˆ ’ The man donates a sample of sperm into a cup
  • Creating a baby ¢ ˆ ’ The egg and a sperm are joined together in the lab. Once joined, the fertilized egg grows. After about a week, some of the best ones are put back into the woman.

What will the results be?


After successful transfer, the baby will continue to grow. ‚  

What happens before the procedure?


  • Your doctor will take your history. Talk to your doctor about:
    • All the drugs you are taking. Be sure to include all prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and herbal supplements. Tell the doctor about any drug allergy. Bring a list of drugs you take with you.
    • Any bleeding problems. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are taking any drugs that may cause bleeding. Some of these are Coumadin ‚ ®, ibuprofen, Aleve ‚ ® (naproxen), or aspirin. Certain vitamins and herbs, such as garlic and fish oil, may also add to the risk for bleeding. You may need to stop these drugs as well. Talk to your doctor about them.
  • Your doctor will give you drugs that will help your body make eggs. You will give these drugs by a shot. Your doctor will teach you and your partner how to give them. You will be watched using tests like ultrasound and blood tests.
  • If you have enough good eggs, your doctor will give you another drug. Your doctor will then schedule surgery for the egg removal.
  • You will get drugs to calm you and prevent pain right before the surgery.
  • Follow your doctors orders on sex and when to stop eating before the surgery.

What happens during the procedure?


Egg retrieval: ‚  
  • Once you are in the operating room, you will lie on a table. You may be asleep during the procedure. You will be given a drug to make you sleepy. This will make you stay pain free during the procedure. Monitors will keep track of your blood pressure and heart rate.
  • Your doctor may use an ultrasound machine to find the eggs. Your doctor will put a hollow needle into your vagina and up into your ovary. Your doctor will collect your eggs using the needle. Your doctor will remove the needle and clean your vagina. The doctor will send the eggs to the lab.
  • The procedure takes 30 minutes to 1 hour.
  • During this time, your male partner will provide a sperm sample in a cup. The staff will give him a clean cup and a private room. This room will have reading materials that can help him give the sample.

Embryo transfer: ‚  
  • Once you are in the operating room, you will be awake during the procedure. The staff will tell you to lie on a table with your foot on a stirrup or face down with your knees on your chest.
  • The doctor will put a thin flexible tube into your vagina and up into your womb. The fertilized eggs will be placed in you.
  • Your doctor may put in more than one embryo.
  • The procedure takes about 10 minutes.

What happens after the procedure?


  • You will go to the Recovery Room for monitoring.
  • After embryo transfer, you will lie down for a couple of hours. Your doctor will tell you when you can go home.
  • You may have some cramping. A feeling of fullness or pressure may continue for a few weeks.
  • You may have light vaginal spotting. This is normal and will go away after a few hours.
  • The extra fertilized eggs will be frozen for you. You may want to use them in the future.

What care is needed at home?


  • Ask your doctor what you need to do when you go home. Make sure you ask questions if you do not understand what the doctor says. This way you will know what you need to do.
  • Your doctor will give you drugs to support pregnancy. You may get a shot, or a gel or suppository to put in your vagina.
  • You need to take it easy for the next few days. Talk to your doctor about the right amount of activity for you.

What follow-up care is needed?


Your doctor will schedule you for a blood test after 9 to 12 days to find out if you are pregnant. If you are, follow-up visits will be set up to monitor your pregnancy. ‚  

What lifestyle changes are needed?


  • Avoid exercise, strenuous activities, or heavy lifting for 2 weeks.

What problems could happen?


  • You do not get pregnant
  • You get pregnant with more than one baby
  • Loss of a baby

Helpful tips


  • Put a pillow under your buttocks when you lie down on your bed after the fertilized eggs are returned to you.
  • Avoid drugs not ordered by your doctor.
  • Do not drink beer, wine, and mixed drinks (alcohol). Avoid secondhand smoke.
  • While you wait for the results, keep yourself busy. Relax as much as you can. Worrying will not help.

Where can I learn more?


American Pregnancy Association ‚  
http://www.americanpregnancy.org/infertility/ivf.html/ ‚  
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ‚  
http://www.cdc.gov/art/ ‚  

Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer


This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. This is only a brief summary of general information. It does NOT include all information about conditions, illnesses, injuries, tests, procedures, treatments, therapies, discharge instructions or life-style choices that may apply to you. You must talk with your health care provider for complete information about your health and treatment options. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to accept your health care providers advice, instructions or recommendations. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to provide advice that is right for you. ‚  

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