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Coronary Heart Disease in Women

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  • Medicines called statins, which lower cholesterol
  • Medicines to lower blood pressure
  • Aspirin or other medicines that help prevent blood clots
  • A procedure to reopen a clogged artery, called "angioplasty " � or "stenting " �
  • Surgery to re-route blood around a clogged artery, called "bypass surgery " � or "coronary artery bypass grafting " � (figure 4)

  • Is there anything I can do to help prevent coronary heart disease? " � Yes. To help prevent coronary heart disease, you can: � �
    • Work with your doctor to get medical conditions such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes under control.
    • Stop smoking.
    • Exercise at least 30 minutes a day, on most days of the week.
    • Lose weight, if you are overweight.
    • Eat lots of fruits and vegetables and low-fat dairy products, and not a lot of meat or fatty foods.
    • Limit your alcohol intake to no more than 1 drink a day.
    • Get treated for depression, if you are depressed. Depression increases your chance of getting heart disease.

    Can taking hormones help prevent coronary heart disease? " � Doctors do not think that taking hormones like estrogen helps prevent coronary heart disease. They do not recommend that women who have gone through menopause (stopped having periods) take estrogen to prevent coronary heart disease. But doctors sometimes prescribe estrogen for a short period of time to help with menopause symptoms. � �
    All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete. � �
    This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Nov 04, 2014. � �
    Topic 85797 Version 3.0 � �
    Release: 22.8 - C22.206 � �
    � � 2014 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. � �


    figure 1

    Coronary heart disease

    In people with coronary heart disease, the coronary arteries get clogged with fatty deposits called plaques.

    Graphic 61785 Version 5.0

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    Coronary heart disease

    In people with coronary heart disease, the coronary arteries get clogged with fatty deposits called plaques.

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    figure 2

    Heart attack

    Plaques inside the coronary arteries sometimes break open or "rupture. " � This is what causes most heart attacks. When a plaque breaks open, it causes a blood clot to form inside the artery. As the clot grows, it can completely block off the flow of blood through the artery. That means that the tissue on the other end of the clogged artery does not get the blood and oxygen it needs, so it gets damaged or dies.

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    Heart attack

    Plaques inside the coronary arteries sometimes break open or "rupture. " � This is what causes most heart attacks. When a plaque breaks open, it causes a blood clot to form inside the artery. As the clot grows, it can completely block off the flow of blood through the artery. That means that the tissue on the other end of the clogged artery does not get the blood and oxygen it needs, so it gets damaged or dies.

    Graphic 60394 Version 5.0

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    figure 3

    Heart attack symptoms

    This picture shows the main symptoms of a heart attack. People who are having a heart attack often have only some of these symptoms. The pain, pressure, and discomfort caused by a heart attack mostly affect the left side of the body (shown in darker red) but can also affect the right. If you think you are having a heart attack, call 9-1-1 for an ambulance. Do not try to get yourself to the hospital.

    Graphic 85777 Version 1.0

    View Originalfigure 3

    Heart attack symptoms

    This picture shows the main symptoms of a heart attack. People who are having a heart attack often have only some of these symptoms. The pain, pressure, and discomfort caused by a heart attack mostly affect the left side of the body (shown in darker red) but can also affect the right. If you think you are having a heart attack, call 9-1-1 for an ambulance. Do not try to get yourself to the hospital.

    Graphic 85777 Version 1.0

    View Original
    figure 4

    Coronary artery bypass graft surgery

    During coronary artery bypass surgery, the surgeon removes a piece of blood vessel from the leg, chest, arm, or belly. Then the surgeon uses that piece of blood vessel (called a "graft") to reroute blood around the blocked artery. The surgery is called "bypass surgery" because it bypasses the blockage. Some people have more than one blocked artery bypassed. In this picture, the graft came from a vein in the leg called the "saphenous vein. " � But grafts can come from other places, too.

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    Coronary artery bypass graft surgery

    During coronary artery bypass surgery, the surgeon removes a piece of blood vessel from the leg, chest, arm, or belly. Then the surgeon uses that piece of blood vessel (called a "graft") to reroute blood around the blocked artery. The surgery is called "bypass surgery" because it bypasses the blockage. Some people have more than one blocked artery bypassed. In this picture, the graft came from a vein in the leg called the "saphenous vein. " � But grafts can come from other places, too.

    Graphic 73589 Version 4.0

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    This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. This is only a brief summary of general information. It does NOT include all information about conditions, illnesses, injuries, tests, procedures, treatments, therapies, discharge instructions or life-style choices that may apply to you. You must talk with your health care provider for complete information about your health and treatment options. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to accept your health care providers advice, instructions or recommendations. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to provide advice that is right for you.The use of UpToDate content is governed by the UpToDate Terms of Use. � �2014 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. � �

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