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Bronchiectasis in Children

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  • Fever
  • Chest pain that gets worse when he or she takes a breath
  • Trouble breathing or breathing that sounds like whistling (wheezing)

  • A child with bronchiectasis might also: � �
    • Get tired or short of breath during exercise or play
    • Have skin or lips that look blue
    • Cough up blood " � This is not common, but it does happen in a few children with bronchiectasis.
    • Sinus infections " � The sinuses are hollow areas in the bones of the face (figure 3). Sinus infections can cause a stuffy nose, pain in the face, and yellow or green mucus from the nose.

    Should my child see a doctor or nurse? " � Yes. See a doctor or nurse if your child: � �
    • Has a cough for more than 2 weeks.
    • Gets a cough after choking on food or another object, even if it happened several days or weeks ago.
    • Coughs up thick, sticky mucus or blood.
    • Has trouble breathing (figure 4).

    Will my child need tests? " � Maybe. The doctor or nurse will do an exam and learn about your childs symptoms. Your child might have some or all of these tests: � �
    • A chest X-ray
    • A CT scan of the chest " � A CT scan is an imaging test that creates pictures of the inside of the body.
    • A "sweat test " � " � During this test, a doctor collects a small amount of sweat from a person's arm and measures the amount of salt in it. This is a test for cystic fibrosis.
    • Blood tests " � To look for cystic fibrosis, problems with the body's infection-fighting system (called the "immune system " �), and other problems.
    • A test called a "bronchoscopy " � " � During this test, a doctor uses a thin tube (called a "bronchoscope " �) to look inside the lungs. It can help find an object stuck in the airway or take samples of mucus from the lungs.
    • Tests to learn how well your child's lungs are working " � These tests involve breathing hard into a tube.
    • Tests to check for swallowing problems

    How is bronchiectasis in children treated? " � Treatments can include: � �
    • Removal of anything stuck in the airway
    • Medicines " � These can include:
      • Antibiotic medicines to help treat or prevent infections
      • Medicines to thin out mucus or moisten the airways (for children with cystic fibrosis)
      • Medicines to help open up the airways or reduce inflammation
    • Chest physiotherapy " � This involves loosening the mucus in the lungs so your child can cough it up more easily. Your child's doctor or nurse can show you different ways to do this.
    • Surgery " � In some cases, removing part of a lung will help stop symptoms or infections.
    • A lung transplant " � This is surgery in which a doctor replaces a person's diseased lungs with healthy lungs. A lung transplant is done only in people who have severe disease and meet certain conditions.

    Is there anything I can do to help my child? " � Yes. You can: � �
    • Keep your home and car smoke-free and keep your child away from smoke in other places.
    • Make sure your child gets all his or her vaccines, including the pneumonia vaccine and the flu vaccine.
    • Help your child get the nutrients he or she needs. This can help lungs work better.
    • Get treatment right away if your child gets an infection. This can help prevent worse problems.

    All topics are updated as new evidence becomes available and our peer review process is complete. � �
    This topic retrieved from UpToDate on: Nov 04, 2014. � �
    Topic 86714 Version 2.0 � �
    Release: 22.8 - C22.208 � �
    � � 2014 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. � �


    figure 1

    Normal lungs

    The lungs sit in the chest, inside the ribcage. They are covered with a thin membrane called the "pleura. " � The windpipe (or trachea) branches into two smaller airways called the left and right "bronchus. " � The space between the lungs is called the "mediastinum. " � Lymph nodes are located within and around the lungs and mediastinum.

    Graphic 67527 Version 10.0

    View Originalfigure 1

    Normal lungs

    The lungs sit in the chest, inside the ribcage. They are covered with a thin membrane called the "pleura. " � The windpipe (or trachea) branches into two smaller airways called the left and right "bronchus. " � The space between the lungs is called the "mediastinum. " � Lymph nodes are located within and around the lungs and mediastinum.

    Graphic 67527 Version 10.0

    View Original
    figure 2

    Organs most affected by cystic fibrosis

    Cystic fibrosis is a disease that some children are born with. It causes thick mucus and other fluids to build up and clog different parts of the body, including the lungs, pancreas, liver, and intestine.

    Graphic 74980 Version 1.0

    View Originalfigure 2

    Organs most affected by cystic fibrosis

    Cystic fibrosis is a disease that some children are born with. It causes thick mucus and other fluids to build up and clog different parts of the body, including the lungs, pancreas, liver, and intestine.

    Graphic 74980 Version 1.0

    View Original
    figure 3

    Sinuses of the face

    This drawing shows the sinuses of the face.

    Graphic 75045 Version 5.0

    View Originalfigure 3

    Sinuses of the face

    This drawing shows the sinuses of the face.

    Graphic 75045 Version 5.0

    View Original
    figure 4

    Signs of severe trouble breathing (retractions)

    When a child is having a lot of trouble breathing, the skin and muscles between the childs ribs or below the child's ribcage look like they are caving in.

    Graphic 59786 Version 1.0

    View Originalfigure 4

    Signs of severe trouble breathing (retractions)

    When a child is having a lot of trouble breathing, the skin and muscles between the child's ribs or below the child's ribcage look like they are caving in.

    Graphic 59786 Version 1.0

    View Original

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    This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. This is only a brief summary of general information. It does NOT include all information about conditions, illnesses, injuries, tests, procedures, treatments, therapies, discharge instructions or life-style choices that may apply to you. You must talk with your health care provider for complete information about your health and treatment options. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to accept your health care providers advice, instructions or recommendations. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to provide advice that is right for you.The use of UpToDate content is governed by the UpToDate Terms of Use. � �2014 UpToDate, Inc. All rights reserved. � �

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