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Bone Graft


Why is this procedure done?


A bone graft is a bone that is transplanted from one bone area into another. The bone to be transplanted may come from you or from some other person. Demineralized bone matrix is a type of graft from someone else. These bones may come from bone banks or man-made bones can be used. ‚  
This procedure is done to: ‚  
  • Replace a missing bone or part of a bone
  • Fill in damaged bones
  • Repair breaks in a bone
  • Prevent movement of joints by sticking them together


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What will the results be?


Your doctor will be able to repair a damaged bone or replace a missing bone. The doctor may use it to prevent a joint from moving. ‚  

What happens before the procedure?


  • Your doctor will take your history. Talk to your doctor about:
    • All the drugs you are taking. Be sure to include all prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and herbal supplements. Tell the doctor about any drug allergy. Bring a list of drugs you take with you.
    • Any bleeding problems. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are taking any drugs that may cause bleeding. Some of these are Coumadin ‚ ®, ibuprofen, Aleve ‚ ® (naproxen), or aspirin. Certain vitamins and herbs, such as garlic and fish oil, may also add to the risk for bleeding. You may need to stop these drugs as well. Talk to your doctor about them.
    • When you need to stop eating or drinking before your procedure.
  • Your doctor will do an exam and may order:
    • Lab tests
    • X-rays
    • MRI scan
  • You will not be allowed to drive right away after the procedure. Ask a family member or a friend to drive you home.

What happens during the procedure?


  • Once you are in the operating room, you will be given a drug to make you sleepy. It will also help you stay pain free during the surgery. The staff will put an I.V. in your arm to give you fluids and drugs.
  • When you are asleep, the doctors will put a tube in your mouth to help you breathe.
  • Your doctor will clean the area to be repaired. The doctor will make a cut on your skin and put the bone graft in the proper place. Pins, screws or plates may be used to keep the new bone in place. The doctor will close the cut with stitches or staples and cover it with clean bandages. Based on where the doctor places the bone, you may have a cast on after the surgery.

What happens after the procedure?


  • The staff will take you to the Recovery Room. You may need to stay there for up to 2 hours. They will take you to a regular room afterwards.
  • You may need to stay in the hospital for a few days. Your doctor will tell you when you can go home.
  • You may feel some pain when the anesthesia wears off. Your doctor will give you drugs for this.

What care is needed at home?


  • Ask your doctor what you need to do when you go home. Make sure you ask questions if you do not understand what the doctor says. This way you will know what you need to do.
  • Take all your drugs as ordered by your doctor.
  • Get lots of rest for good healing.
  • Avoid smoking. It may prevent healing.
  • Talk to your doctor about how to care for your cut site. Ask your doctor about:
    • When you should change your bandages
    • When you may take a bath or shower
    • If you need to be careful with lifting things over 10 pounds
    • When you may go back to your normal activities like work, driving, or sex
  • Avoid putting pressure on the part where the graft was placed. Ask your doctor when you can apply pressure.
  • If surgery was on the hip, leg, or foot you may need to use crutches or a cane to help with walking. Use them until your bone heals fully or until your doctor tells you to. It is important not to put weight on the bone graft until the doctor tells you that it is OK.
  • Extra parts of the bone graft may come out through the skin. This is normal.

What follow-up care is needed?


  • Your doctor may ask you to make visits to the office to check on your progress. Be sure to keep these visits.
  • If you have stitches or staples, you will need to have them taken out. Your doctor will often want to do this in 1 to 2 weeks.
  • Your doctor may send you to a physical therapist or rehab specialist to get the strength back to your bone. Be sure to keep these visits.
  • It may take 3 to 6 months until your bone fully heals.

What problems could happen?


  • Bone graft does not take
  • Infection
  • Bleeding
  • Bone does not heal

Where can I learn more?


American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons ‚  
http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00115 ‚  
North American Spine Society ‚  
http://www.knowyourback.org/pages/treatments/surgicaloptions/bonegraftalternatives.aspx ‚  

Consumer Information Use and Disclaimer


This information is not specific medical advice and does not replace information you receive from your health care provider. This is only a brief summary of general information. It does NOT include all information about conditions, illnesses, injuries, tests, procedures, treatments, therapies, discharge instructions or life-style choices that may apply to you. You must talk with your health care provider for complete information about your health and treatment options. This information should not be used to decide whether or not to accept your health care providers advice, instructions or recommendations. Only your health care provider has the knowledge and training to provide advice that is right for you. ‚  

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