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Vitamin D, 1,25-Dihydroxy


Definition


  • It is the active form of vitamin D and is produced primarily in the kidney by the hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Other names: calcitriol and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-OHD).
  • Normal range: 15 " “75 pg/mL.

Use


  • As a second-order test in the assessment of vitamin D status, especially in patients with renal disease
  • Investigation of some patients with clinical evidence of vitamin D deficiency (e.g., vitamin D " “dependent rickets due to hereditary deficiency of renal 1-alpha hydroxylase or end-organ resistance to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)
  • Differential diagnosis of hypercalcemia

Interpretation


Increased In


  • Sarcoidosis (synthesized by macrophages within granulomas).
  • Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (approximately 15% of cases). Returns to normal after therapy.

Decreased In


  • Renal failure
  • Hyperphosphatemia
  • Vitamin D " “dependent rickets, types 1 and 2

Normal In


  • HPT
  • Humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy

Limitations


  • The level of 1,25-OHD is maintained despite significant vitamin D depletion, because secondary hyperparathyroidism stimulates increased conversion of 25-OHD to 1,25-OHD in this situation.
  • Although 1,25-OHD is the biologically active form of vitamin D, its level in the body provides no useful information about a patients vitamin D status. The kidney tightly controls serum 1,25-OHD levels, which are often normal or even elevated in vitamin D deficiency. Therefore, a patient with normal or high levels of 1,25-OHD is vitamin D deficient despite high serum levels of the active hormone. At this time, there is consensus that serum 1,25-OHD is a measure of only the endocrine function of vitamin D and not an indicator of the body stores or the ability of vitamin D to perform its pleiotropic autocrine functions.
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