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Urea Nitrogen, Urine


Definition


  • Urea is a low molecular weight substance that is freely filtered by glomeruli, and the majority is excreted into the urine, although variable amounts are reabsorbed along the nephron. Urine urea nitrogen is a measure of protein breakdown in the body. Urea is excreted by the kidneys, so excretion of urea can reflect kidney function. Approximately 50% of urinary solute excretion and 90 " “95% of total nitrogen excretion is composed of urea under normal conditions.
  • Normal range:
    • Twenty-four " “hour urine: 2 " “20 g/day
    • Random urine:
      • Male: 2.8 " “9.8 g/g creatinine
      • Female: 3.1 " “11.6 g/g creatinine

Use


  • Determination of a persons protein balance and the amount of dietary protein needed by severely ill patients

Interpretation


Increased In


  • Too much protein intake and/or increased protein breakdown in the body
  • Hyperthyroidism

Decreased In


  • Malnutrition
  • Kidney damage and insufficiency from any cause
  • Normal growing children and infants
  • Pregnancy
  • Low-protein and high-carbohydrate diet
  • Liver disease

Limitations


  • Levels increase with age and protein content in the diet.
  • Administration of GH, testosterone, and insulin decrease the urine levels.
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