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Glucose, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)


Definition


  • Glucose in the CSF is about two thirds of the serum glucose measured during the preceding 2 " “4 hours in normal adults. This ratio decreases with increasing serum glucose levels. CSF glucose levels generally do not go above 300 mg/dL regardless of serum levels. Critical values are <30 mg/dL. Glucose in the CSF of neonates varies much more than that in adults, and the CSF-to-serum ratio is generally higher than in adults.
  • Normal range: 50 " “80 mg/dL.

Use


  • Diagnosis of tumors, infections, inflammation of the CNS, and other neurologic and medical conditions.

Interpretation


Increased In


  • Elevated levels of glucose in the blood
  • CNS syphilis

Decreased In


  • CNS infections (glucose levels are usually normal in viral infections)
  • Chemical meningitis
  • TB meningitis
  • Cryptococcal meningitis
  • Mumps
  • Primary and metastatic tumors of meninges
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Inflammatory conditions
  • Subarachnoid hemorrhage
  • Hypoglycemia

Limitations


  • Normal glucose levels do not rule out infection because up to 50% of patients who have bacterial meningitis have normal CSF glucose levels.
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