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Note: Not approved in the US
Immunization of infants and children against Streptococcus pneumoniae infection and invasive diseases caused by serotypes included in the vaccine
Hypersensitivity to any component of the vaccine
Dosing established for infants and children.
Refer to adult dosing.
Primary immunization: IM: Infants 6 weeks to 6 months:
Three-dose primary series: 0.5 mL/dose for 3 doses, followed by a booster dose (for a total of 4 doses). The first dose may be given as young as 6 weeks of age, but is typically given at 2 months of age. The second and third doses should be administered at 4- and 6 months of age. The booster dose should be administered at 12-15 months; allow a minimum interval of 1 month between each of the first 3 doses, and 6 months between dose 3 and the booster dose.
Two-dose primary series: 0.5 mL/dose for 2 doses, followed by a booster dose (for a total of 3 doses). The first dose may be given as young as 6 weeks of age, but is typically given at 2 months of age. The second dose should be administered at 4 months of age. The booster dose should be administered at 11-12 months; allow a minimum interval of 2 months between doses 1 and 2, and 6 months between doses 2 and the booster dose. Note: May not provide optimal protection particularly in infants at high risk for pneumococcal disease (eg, asplenia, sickle-cell disease, immunosuppressed).
Previously unvaccinated Older Infants and Children: IM:
Children 7-11 months: 0.5 mL/dose for a total of 3 doses; 2 doses administered at least 1 month apart, followed by a third dose administered after 1 year of age, separated from the second dose by at least 2 months
Children 12-23 months: 0.5 mL/dose for a total of 2 doses, administered at least 2 months apart (manufacturer labeling suggests that a booster dose may be necessary for optimal protection). Note: Two-dose regimen in children 12-23 months of age at high risk for pneumococcal disease (eg, asplenia, sickle-cell disease, immunosuppressed) may not provide optimal protection.
Children ≥24 months to <6 years: 0.5 mL/dose for a total of 2 doses, administered at least 2 months apart
No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer 's labeling.
No dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer 's labeling.
Shake well before use. Administer by IM injection only, preferably into the anterolateral aspect of the thigh in infants and into the deltoid in children. Do not administer intravenously or intradermally. Subcutaneous administration has not been studied.
Rule out bleeding disorders in patients <2 years of age prior to immunization. NACI recommends that patients with bleeding disorders receive all routine recommended vaccinations according to schedule. Bleeding disorders should be corrected prior to immunization (when possible) or immunization should be scheduled shortly after antihemophilia or other similar therapy. In patients with bleeding disorder that cannot be corrected, IM gluteal injections should be avoided (if possible). When immunizing patients with bleeding disorders, a fine-gauge needle of the appropriate length can be used for the vaccination and firm pressure applied to the site (without rubbing) for at least 5 minutes. The patient should be instructed concerning the risk of hematoma from the injection. Patients on anticoagulant therapy (eg, aspirin, warfarin, heparin) may be immunized via intramuscular injection without discontinuation of their anticoagulant therapy (NACI, 2006).
Simultaneous administration of vaccines helps ensure the patients will be fully vaccinated by the appropriate age. Simultaneous administration of vaccines is defined as administering >1 vaccine on the same day at different anatomic sites. Separate vaccines should not be combined in the same syringe unless indicated by product specific labeling.
Store at 2 ‚ °C to 8 ‚ °C (36 ‚ °F to 46 ‚ °F) and in original packaging to protect from light. Do not freeze; discard the vaccine if frozen or exposed to temperatures >37 ‚ °C (>99 ‚ °F). Vaccine should be administered upon removal from refrigeration; however, the manufacturer labeling states the vaccine may be administered if left outside of refrigeration for ≤3 days at 8 ‚ °C to 25 ‚ °C (46 ‚ °F to 77 ‚ °F) or if left outside of refrigeration for ≤1 day at 25 ‚ °C to 37 ‚ °C (77 ‚ °F to 99 ‚ °F).
Belimumab: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Management: Patients should receive inactivated vaccines prior to initiation of belimumab therapy whenever possible, due to the risk for an impaired response to the vaccine during belimumab therapy. Consider therapy modification
Fingolimod: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Management: Vaccine efficacy may be reduced. Complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to starting fingolimod. If vaccinated during fingolimod therapy, revaccinate 2 to 3 months after fingolimod discontinuation. Consider therapy modification
Immunosuppressants: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Management: Vaccine efficacy may be reduced. Complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to starting an immunosuppressant. If vaccinated during immunosuppressant therapy, revaccinate at least 3 months after immunosuppressant discontinuation. Exceptions: Cytarabine (Liposomal). Consider therapy modification
Venetoclax: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Monitor therapy
Consider respiratory monitoring for 48-72 hours in premature infants (born ≤28 weeks gestation) due to risk of apnea. Monitor for syncope for 15 minutes following administration. If seizure-like activity associated with syncope occurs, maintain patient in supine or Trendelenburg position to reestablish adequate cerebral perfusion.
In Canada, adverse reactions may be reported to local provincial/territorial health agencies or to the Vaccine Safety Section at Public Health Agency of Canada (1-866-844-0018).
Frequency not always defined:
>10%:
Central nervous system: Irritability (51% to 66%), drowsiness (33% to 58%), fever ( ≥38 ‚ °C rectally ages <2 years: 26% to 37%)
Gastrointestinal: Loss of appetite (17% to 31%)
Local: Injection site reactions: Pain (23% to 57%), redness (38% to 53%), swelling (28% to 37%)
1% to 10%:
Central nervous system: Fever (>39 ‚ °C rectally age <2 years: 2% to 3%; ≥38 ‚ °C rectally age 2-5 years)
Local: Injection site induration
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Abnormal crying; allergic reactions (allergic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, eczema); apnea in premature infants ≤28 weeks gestation, diarrhea, fever (>39 ‚ °C rectally age 2-5 years; >40 ‚ °C rectally age <2 years), injection site hematoma, injection site hemorrhage, injection site nodule, rash, seizure (febrile and nonfebrile), urticaria, vomiting
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Anaphylactoid/hypersensitivity reactions: Immediate treatment (including epinephrine 1 mg/mL) for anaphylactoid and/or hypersensitivity reactions should be available during vaccine use.
- Apnea: Apnea has been reported following IM vaccine administration in premature infants; consider risk versus benefit in infants born prematurely. Infants born ≤28 weeks gestation, particularly those with a prior history of respiratory immaturity, may require respiratory function monitoring for 2-3 days after administration.
- Syncope: Syncope has been reported with use of injectable vaccines and may be accompanied by transient visual disturbances, weakness, or tonic-clonic movements. Procedures should be in place to avoid injuries from falling and to restore cerebral perfusion if syncope occurs.
Disease-related concerns:
- Acute illness: The decision to administer or delay vaccination because of current or recent febrile illness depends on the severity of symptoms and the etiology of the disease. Immunization should be delayed during the course of an acute severe febrile illness; may administer to patients with mild acute illness.
- Bleeding disorders: Use with caution in patients with a history of bleeding disorders (including thrombocytopenia) and/or patients on anticoagulant therapy; bleeding/hematoma may occur from IM administration.
- Pneumococcal infections: Not to be used to treat pneumococcal infections. Safety and efficacy in children at increased risk for pneumococcal infection (eg, sickle cell disease, splenic dysfunction, HIV infection, malignancy, nephrotic syndrome) has not been established.
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
- Acetaminophen: Administration prior to or immediately following vaccination may reduce incidence and severity of vaccine related fever, although it has been reported that routine prophylactic administration of acetaminophen to prevent fever prior to vaccination, decreased the immune response of some vaccines; the clinical significance of this reduction in immune response has not been established (Prymula, 2009).
- Vaccines: In order to maximize vaccination rates, the Canadian National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends simultaneous administration of all age-appropriate vaccines (live or inactivated) for which a person is eligible at a single clinic visit, unless contraindications exist.
Special populations:
- Altered immunocompetence: Use with caution in severely immunocompromised patients (eg, HIV, patients receiving chemo/radiation therapy, or other immunosuppressive therapy including high dose corticosteroids); may have a reduced response to vaccination. In general, inactivated vaccines should be administered ≥2 weeks prior to planned immunosuppression when feasible (Rubin, 2014).
Dosage form specific issues:
- Latex: Packaging may contain natural latex rubber.
Other warnings/precautions:
- Effective immunity: Vaccination may not result in effective immunity in all patients. Response depends upon multiple factors (eg, type of vaccine, age of patient) and may be improved by administering the vaccine at the recommended dose, route, and interval. Vaccines may not be effective if administered during periods of altered immune competence (CDC, 2011).
- Routine immunization: Antibody response is provided only against pneumococcal serotypes included in the vaccine. Antibody response may also be observed to diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and protein D (derived from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae); however, recommended routine administration schedules for diphtheria, tetanus, or H. influenzae type b vaccines should still be followed.
Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted. Inactivated vaccines have not been shown to cause increased risks to the fetus (CDC, 2011). This product is indicated for use in infants and toddlers.
Promotes active immunization against invasive disease caused by S. pneumoniae capsular serotypes 1, 4, 5, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F, all which are individually conjugated to a carrier protein (protein D, tetanus toxoid, or diphtheria toxoid); the aluminum salt, a mineral adjuvant, enhances the antibody response.
- Discuss specific use of vaccine and side effects with caregiver as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience loss of strength and energy, irritability, fatigue, lack of appetite, or injection site pain or irritation. Have caregiver report immediately to prescriber shortness of breath, severe dizziness, or passing out (HCAHPS).
- Educate caregiver about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for health care professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience, and judgment in diagnosing, treating, and advising patients.