(ox AL i pla tin)
Colon cancer, stage III (adjuvant therapy): Adjuvant treatment of stage III colon cancer (in combination with infusional fluorouracil and leucovorin) after complete resection of primary tumor.
Colorectal cancer, advanced: Treatment of advanced colorectal cancer (in combination with infusional fluorouracil and leucovorin).
Hypersensitivity to oxaliplatin, other platinum-containing compounds, or any component of the formulation
Canadian labeling: Additional contraindications (not in US labeling): Pregnancy, breast-feeding; severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/minute)
Anaphylactic reactions to oxaliplatin have been reported and may occur within minutes of administration. Epinephrine, corticosteroids, and antihistamines have been employed to alleviate symptoms of anaphylaxis.
Note: Oxaliplatin is associated with a moderate emetic potential; antiemetics are recommended to prevent nausea and vomiting (Basch 2011; Dupuis 2011; Roila 2010).
Colorectal cancer (advanced): IV: 85 mg/m2 every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (in combination with infusional fluorouracil/leucovorin)
Colon cancer, stage III (adjuvant therapy): IV: 85 mg/m2 every 2 weeks for 6 months (12 cycles; in combination with infusional fluorouracil/leucovorin)
Colon/colorectal cancer (off-label doses or combinations): IV: 85 mg/m2/dose on days 1, 15, and 29 of an 8-week treatment cycle in combination with fluorouracil/leucovorin (Kuebler 2007) or 85 mg/m2 every 2 weeks in combination with fluorouracil/leucovorin/irinotecan (Falcone 2007) or 130 mg/m2 every 3 weeks in combination with capecitabine (Cassidy 2008; Haller 2011)
Biliary adenocarcinoma, advanced (off-label use): IV:
GEMOX regimen: 100 mg/m2 on day 2 every 2 weeks (in combination with gemcitabine) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Andre 2004) or
CAPOX regimen: 130 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with capecitabine) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Nehls 2008)
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, fludarabine-refractory (off-label use): IV: OFAR regimen: 25 mg/m2/day for 4 days every 4 weeks (in combination with fludarabine, cytarabine, and rituximab) for up to 6 cycles (Tsimberidou 2008)
Esophageal/gastric cancers (off-label use): IV: 130 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with epirubicin and either capecitabine or fluorouracil) for up to 8 cycles (Cunningham 2008) or 85 mg/m2 on day 1 every 2 weeks (in combination with docetaxel, leucovorin, and fluorouracil) for up to 8 cycles (Al-Batran 2008) or 85 mg/m2 on day 1 every 2 weeks (in combination with leucovorin and fluorouracil; FOLFOX4) for 6 cycles (Conroy 2010)
or
Gastric cancer: IV: 130 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with capecitabine) for 8 cycles (Bang 2012)
Neuroendocrine tumors (carcinoid), refractory (off-label use): IV: 130 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with capecitabine) for up to 6 cycles (Bajetta 2007)
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, relapsed/refractory (off-label use): IV: 100 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with gemcitabine and rituximab) (Lopez 2008; Rodriguez 2007)
Ovarian cancer, advanced (off-label use): IV: 130 mg/m2 once every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Dieras 2002; Piccart 2000)
Pancreatic cancer, advanced (off-label use): IV: 85 mg/m2 every 2 weeks (in combination with fluorouracil, leucovorin, and irinotecan; FOLFIRINOX regimen) for up to 6 months (Conroy 2011) or 110 to 130 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with capecitabine) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity (Xiong 2008)
Testicular cancer, refractory (off-label use): IV: 130 mg/m2 every 3 weeks in combination with gemcitabine (De Georgi 2006; Kollmannsberger 2004; Pectasides 2004) or 130 mg/m2 on day 1 every 3 weeks (in combination with gemcitabine and paclitaxel) for up to 8 cycles (Bokemeyer 2008)
Unknown primary cancer, recurrent or refractory (off-label use): IV: 130 mg/m2 on day 1 of a 21-day cycle (in combination with capecitabine) for 6 cycles or may continue until clinical benefit no longer realized (Hainsworth 2010)
No dosage adjustment necessary. Refer to adult dosing.
Manufacturers labeling:
CrCl ≥30 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment necessary.
CrCl <30 mL/minute:
US labeling: Reduce dose from 85 mg/m2 to 65 mg/m2.
Canadian labeling: Use is contraindicated.
Alternate recommendations: CrCl ≥20 mL/minute: In a study with a limited number of patients with mild to moderate impairment, defined by the authors as CrCl 20 to 59 mL/minute (determined using 24-hour urine collection), oxaliplatin was well tolerated, suggesting a dose reduction may not be necessary in patients with CrCl ≥20 mL/minute receiving every-3-week dosing (dose range: 80 to 130 mg/m2 every 3 weeks) (Takimoto 2003).
Mild, moderate, or severe impairment: No dosage adjustment necessary (Doroshow 2003; Synold 2007).
Hazardous agent; use appropriate precautions for handling and disposal (NIOSH 2014 [group 1]).
Do not prepare using a chloride-containing solution such as NaCl due to rapid conversion to monochloroplatinum, dichloroplatinum, and diaquoplatinum; all highly reactive in sodium chloride (Takimoto 2007). Do not use needles or administration sets containing aluminum during preparation.
Aqueous solution: Dilution with D5W (250 or 500 mL) is required prior to administration.
Lyophilized powder: Use only SWFI or D5W to reconstitute powder. To obtain final concentration of 5 mg/mL add 10 mL of diluent to 50 mg vial or 20 mL diluent to 100 mg vial. Gently swirl vial to dissolve powder. Dilution with D5W (250 or 500 mL) is required prior to administration. Discard unused portion of vial.
Administer as IV infusion over 2 hours; extend infusion time to 6 hours for acute toxicities. Flush infusion line with D5W prior to administration of any concomitant medication. Avoid mucositis prophylaxis with ice chips, exposure to cold temperatures, or consumption of cold food/beverages during or within hours after oxaliplatin infusion (may exacerbate acute neurological symptoms). Do not use needles or administration sets containing aluminum. When used in combination with a fluoropyrimidine (eg, 5-FU), infuse oxaliplatin first.
Oxaliplatin is associated with a moderate emetic potential; antiemetics are recommended to prevent nausea and vomiting (Basch 2011; Dupuis 2011; Roila 2010).
Irritant with vesicant-like properties; ensure proper needle or catheter placement prior to and during infusion. Avoid extravasation; monitor IV site for redness, swelling, or pain.
Extravasation management: If extravasation occurs, stop infusion immediately and disconnect (leave cannula/needle in place); gently aspirate extravasated solution (do NOT flush the line); remove needle/cannula; elevate extremity. Information conflicts regarding use of warm or cold compresses. Cold compresses could potentially precipitate or exacerbate peripheral neuropathy (de Lemos 2005).
Hazardous agent; use appropriate precautions for handling and disposal (NIOSH 2014 [group 1]).
Store intact vials at 25 ‚ °C (77 ‚ °F); excursions permitted to 15 ‚ °C to 30 ‚ °C (59 ‚ °F to 86 ‚ °F); do not freeze. Protect concentrated solution from light (store in original outer carton). According to the manufacturer, solutions diluted in D5W for infusion are stable up to 6 hours at room temperature of 20 ‚ °C to 25 ‚ °C (68 ‚ °F to 77 ‚ °F) or up to 24 hours under refrigeration at 2 ‚ °C to 8 ‚ °C (36 ‚ °F to 46 ‚ °F). Oxaliplatin solution diluted with D5W to a final concentration of 0.7 mg/mL (polyolefin container) has been shown to retain >90% of the original concentration for up to 30 days when stored at room temperature or refrigerated; artificial light did not affect the concentration (Andre 2007). As this study did not examine sterility, refrigeration would be preferred to limit microbial growth. Solutions diluted for infusion do not require protection from light.
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling. [DSC] = Discontinued product
Solution, Intravenous [preservative free]:
Eloxatin: 50 mg/10 mL (10 mL [DSC]); 100 mg/20 mL (20 mL [DSC]); 200 mg/40 mL (40 mL [DSC])
Generic: 50 mg/10 mL (10 mL); 100 mg/20 mL (20 mL)
Solution Reconstituted, Intravenous [preservative free]:
Generic: 50 mg (1 ea); 100 mg (1 ea)
Stable in D5W; incompatible with alkaline solutions (eg, fluorouracil) and chloride-containing solutions. Flush infusion line with D5W prior to, and following, administration of concomitant medications via same IV line.
Y-site administration: Incompatible with diazepam.
BCG (Intravesical): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical). Avoid combination
BCG (Intravesical): Myelosuppressive Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical). Avoid combination
BuPROPion: May increase the serum concentration of OCT2 Substrates. Monitor therapy
CloZAPine: Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of CloZAPine. Specifically, the risk for neutropenia may be increased. Monitor therapy
Coccidioides immitis Skin Test: Immunosuppressants may diminish the diagnostic effect of Coccidioides immitis Skin Test. Monitor therapy
Deferiprone: Myelosuppressive Agents may enhance the neutropenic effect of Deferiprone. Avoid combination
Denosumab: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Specifically, the risk for serious infections may be increased. Monitor therapy
Dipyrone: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Myelosuppressive Agents. Specifically, the risk for agranulocytosis and pancytopenia may be increased Avoid combination
Echinacea: May diminish the therapeutic effect of Immunosuppressants. Consider therapy modification
Fingolimod: Immunosuppressants may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Fingolimod. Management: Avoid the concomitant use of fingolimod and other immunosuppressants when possible. If combined, monitor patients closely for additive immunosuppressant effects (eg, infections). Consider therapy modification
Fosphenytoin-Phenytoin: Platinum Derivatives may decrease the serum concentration of Fosphenytoin-Phenytoin. Monitor therapy
Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents: QTc-Prolonging Agents (Indeterminate Risk and Risk Modifying) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Highest Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents. Management: Avoid such combinations when possible. Use should be accompanied by close monitoring for evidence of QT prolongation or other alterations of cardiac rhythm. Consider therapy modification
Leflunomide: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Leflunomide. Specifically, the risk for hematologic toxicity such as pancytopenia, agranulocytosis, and/or thrombocytopenia may be increased. Management: Consider not using a leflunomide loading dose in patients receiving other immunosuppressants. Patients receiving both leflunomide and another immunosuppressant should be monitored for bone marrow suppression at least monthly. Consider therapy modification
Lenograstim: Antineoplastic Agents may diminish the therapeutic effect of Lenograstim. Consider therapy modification
MiFEPRIStone: May enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of QTc-Prolonging Agents (Indeterminate Risk and Risk Modifying). Management: Though the drugs listed here have uncertain QT-prolonging effects, they all have some possible association with QT prolongation and should generally be avoided when possible. Consider therapy modification
Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents: QTc-Prolonging Agents (Indeterminate Risk and Risk Modifying) may enhance the QTc-prolonging effect of Moderate Risk QTc-Prolonging Agents. Monitor therapy
Natalizumab: Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Natalizumab. Specifically, the risk of concurrent infection may be increased. Avoid combination
Nivolumab: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Nivolumab. Consider therapy modification
Pimecrolimus: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Roflumilast: May enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Immunosuppressants. Consider therapy modification
Sipuleucel-T: Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sipuleucel-T. Monitor therapy
Tacrolimus (Topical): May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Taxane Derivatives: Platinum Derivatives may enhance the myelosuppressive effect of Taxane Derivatives. Administer Taxane derivative before Platinum derivative when given as sequential infusions to limit toxicity. Consider therapy modification
Tofacitinib: Immunosuppressants may enhance the immunosuppressive effect of Tofacitinib. Management: Concurrent use with antirheumatic doses of methotrexate or nonbiologic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) is permitted, and this warning seems particularly focused on more potent immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
Topotecan: Platinum Derivatives may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Topotecan. Consider therapy modification
Trastuzumab: May enhance the neutropenic effect of Immunosuppressants. Monitor therapy
Vaccines (Inactivated): Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Inactivated). Management: Vaccine efficacy may be reduced. Complete all age-appropriate vaccinations at least 2 weeks prior to starting an immunosuppressant. If vaccinated during immunosuppressant therapy, revaccinate at least 3 months after immunosuppressant discontinuation. Consider therapy modification
Vaccines (Live): Immunosuppressants may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vaccines (Live). Immunosuppressants may diminish the therapeutic effect of Vaccines (Live). Management: Avoid use of live organism vaccines with immunosuppressants; live-attenuated vaccines should not be given for at least 3 months after immunosuppressants. Avoid combination
CBC with differential, blood chemistries, including serum creatinine, ALT, AST, and bilirubin (prior to each cycle), electrolytes, including potassium and magnesium (prior to and periodically during treatment); INR and prothrombin time (in patients on oral anticoagulant therapy); neurologic evaluation prior to each dose and periodically thereafter; hypersensitivity; respiratory effects; RPLS
Percentages reported with monotherapy.
>10%:
Central nervous system: Peripheral neuropathy (may be dose limiting; 76% to 92%; acute 65%; grades 3/4: 5%; persistent 43%; grades 3/4: 3%), fatigue (61%), pain (14%), headache (13%), insomnia (11%)
Gastrointestinal: Nausea (64%), diarrhea (46%), vomiting (37%), abdominal pain (31%), constipation (31%), anorexia (20%), stomatitis (14%)
Hematologic & oncologic: Anemia (64%; grades 3/4: 1%), thrombocytopenia (30%; grades 3/4: 3%), leukopenia (13%)
Hepatic: Increased serum AST (54%; grades 3/4: 4%), increased serum ALT (36%; grades 3/4: 1%), increased serum bilirubin (13%; grades 3/4: 5%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Back pain (11%)
Respiratory: Dyspnea (13%), cough (11%)
Miscellaneous: Fever (25%)
1% to 10%:
Cardiovascular: Edema (10%), chest pain (5%), peripheral edema (5%), flushing (3%), thromboembolism (2%)
Central nervous system: Rigors (9%), dizziness (7%)
Dermatologic: Skin rash (5%), alopecia (3%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (1%)
Endocrine & metabolic: Dehydration (5%), hypokalemia (3%)
Gastrointestinal: Dyspepsia (7%), dysgeusia (5%), flatulence (3%), hiccups (2%), mucositis (2%), dysphagia (acute 1% to 2%), gastroesophageal reflux disease (1%)
Genitourinary: Dysuria (1%)
Hematologic & oncologic: Neutropenia (7%)
Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity reaction (3%; includes urticaria, pruritus, facial flushing, shortness of breath, bronchospasm, diaphoresis, hypotension, syncope: grades 3/4: 2% to 3%)
Local: Injection site reaction (9%; redness, swelling, pain)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Arthralgia (7%)
Ocular: Abnormal lacrimation (1%)
Renal: Increased serum creatinine (5% to 10%)
Respiratory: Upper respiratory tract infection (7%), rhinitis (6%), epistaxis (2%), pharyngitis (2%), pharyngolaryngeal dysesthesia (grades 3/4: 1% to 2%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening; reported with mono- and combination therapy): Acute renal failure, anaphylactic shock, anaphylactoid reaction, aphonia, ataxia, blepharoptosis, cerebral hemorrhage, colitis, cranial nerve palsy, decreased deep tendon reflex, deafness, decreased visual acuity, diplopia, eosinophilic pneumonitis, fasciculations, febrile neutropenia, hematuria, hemolysis, hemolytic anemia (immuno-allergic), hemolytic-uremic syndrome, hemorrhage, hepatic failure, hepatic fibrosis (perisinusoidal), hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS; veno-occlusive disease), hepatitis, hepatotoxicity, hypertension, hypomagnesemia, hypoxia, idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension (nodular regenerative hyperplasia), increased INR, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, infusion related reaction (extravasation [including necrosis]), interstitial nephritis (acute), interstitial pulmonary disease, intestinal obstruction, Lhermittes sign, metabolic acidosis, myoclonus, neutropenic enterocolitis, neutropenic infection (sepsis), optic neuritis, pancreatitis, prolonged prothrombin time, pulmonary fibrosis, prolonged Q-T interval on ECG, purpura, rectal hemorrhage, renal tubular necrosis, reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS), rhabdomyolysis, seizure, sepsis, septic shock, temporary vision loss, thrombocytopenia (immuno-allergic), torsades de pointes, trigeminal neuralgia, ventricular arrhythmia, visual field loss
The mean AUC of unbound platinum increases as renal function decreases: 40% increase with mild (CrCl 50 to 80 mL/minute), 95% increase with moderate (CrCl 30 to 49 mL/minute), and 342% increase with severe (CrCl <30 mL/minute) renal impairment as compared to patients with normal renal function. The mean Cmax was 38% higher in patients with severe impairment as compared to patients with normal renal function.
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Bone marrow suppression: Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia occurs commonly with oxaliplatin in combination with fluorouracil and leucovorin; sepsis, neutropenic sepsis, and septic shock have been reported with oxaliplatin (some fatal). Delay oxaliplatin treatment until neutrophils are ≥1500/mm3; withhold treatment for sepsis or septic shock. Reduce the dose after recovery from grade 4 neutropenia or neutropenic fever.
- Cardiotoxicity: QT prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias, including fatal torsades de pointes have been reported in postmarketing surveillance. ECG monitoring is recommend in patients with heart failure, bradyarrhythmias, concomitant medications known to cause QT prolongation (including class Ia and III antiarrhythmics), and electrolyte abnormalities. Avoid use in patients with congenital long QT syndrome. Monitor potassium and magnesium prior to and periodically during treatment; correct hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia prior to treatment initiation.
- Extravasation: Oxaliplatin is an irritant with vesicant-like properties; ensure proper needle or catheter placement prior to and during infusion; avoid extravasation.
- Gastrointestinal toxicity: Oxaliplatin is associated with a moderate emetic potential; antiemetics are recommended to prevent nausea and vomiting (Basch 2011; Dupuis 2011; Roila 2010).
- Hypersensitivity/anaphylactoid reactions: [US Boxed Warning]: Anaphylactic reactions have been reported with oxaliplatin (may occur within minutes of administration); symptoms may be managed with epinephrine, corticosteroids, antihistamines, and discontinuation; oxygen and bronchodilators have also been used (Kim 2009). Grade 3 or 4 hypersensitivity has been observed. Allergic reactions are similar to reactions reported with other platinum analogs and may occur with any cycle. Reactions typically occur after multiple cycles; in retrospective reviews, reaction occurred at a median of 7 to 9 cycles, with an onset of 5 to 70 minutes (Kim 2009; Polyzos 2009). Symptoms may include bronchospasm (rare), erythema, hypotension (rare), pruritus, rash, and/or urticaria; previously-untreated patients have also experienced flushing, diaphoresis, diarrhea, shortness of breath, chest pain, hypotension, syncope, and disorientation. According to the manufacturer, rechallenge is contraindicated (deaths due to anaphylaxis have been associated with platinum derivatives). In patients rechallenged after mild hypersensitivity, reaction recurred at a higher level of severity; for patients with severe hypersensitivity, rechallenge (with 2 to 3 days of antihistamine and corticosteroid premedication, and prolongation of infusion time) allowed for 2 to 4 additional oxaliplatin cycles; however, rechallenge was not feasible in nearly two-thirds of patients due to the severity of the initial reaction (Polyzos 2009).
- Hepatotoxicity: Hepatotoxicity (including rare cases of hepatitis and hepatic failure) has been reported. Liver biopsy has revealed peliosis, nodular regenerative hyperplasia, sinusoidal alterations, perisinusoidal fibrosis, and veno-occlusive lesions. The presence of hepatic vascular disorders (including veno-occlusive disease) should be considered, especially in individuals developing portal hypertension or who present with increased liver function tests.
- Neuropathy: Two different types of peripheral sensory neuropathy may occur: The first type of neuropathy is an acute presentation (within hours to 1 to 2 days), reversible (resolves within 14 days), with primarily peripheral symptoms that are often exacerbated by cold (may include pharyngolaryngeal dysesthesia); avoid mucositis prophylaxis with ice chips, exposure to cold temperatures, or consumption of cold food/beverages during or within hours after oxaliplatin infusion (may exacerbate symptoms); this acute neuropathy commonly recurs with subsequent doses. Cold-triggered neuropathy may last up to 7 days after oxaliplatin administration (Grothey 2011). The second type of neuropathy is a more persistent (>14 days) presentation that often interferes with daily activities (eg, writing, buttoning, swallowing); these symptoms may improve in some patients upon discontinuing treatment. In a retrospective evaluation of patients treated with oxaliplatin for colorectal cancer, the incidence of peripheral sensory neuropathy was similar between diabetic and nondiabetic patients (Ramanathan 2010). Several retrospective studies (as well as a small, underpowered randomized trial) have suggested calcium and magnesium infusions before and after oxaliplatin administration may reduce incidence of cumulative sensory neuropathy; however, a recent abstract of an ongoing randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study in patients with colorectal cancer suggests there is no benefit of calcium and magnesium in preventing sensory neuropathy or in decreasing oxaliplatin discontinuation rates (Loprinzi 2013).
- Pulmonary toxicity: May cause pulmonary fibrosis (may be fatal); withhold treatment for unexplained pulmonary symptoms (eg, crackles, dyspnea, nonproductive cough, pulmonary infiltrates) until interstitial lung disease or pulmonary fibrosis are excluded.
- Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: Cases of reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) have been reported. Signs/symptoms include headache, mental status changes, seizure, blurred vision, blindness and/or other vision changes; may be associated with hypertension. Diagnosis is confirmed with brain imaging.
- Rhabdomyolysis: Rhabdomyolysis (including fatal cases) has been reported with oxaliplatin. Discontinue if signs/symptoms of rhabdomyolysis occur.
Disease-related concerns:
- Renal impairment: Use with caution in patients with renal impairment; increased toxicity may occur. Reduce initial dose in severe impairment. The Canadian labeling contraindicates use in severe renal impairment (CrCl <30 mL/minute).
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
- Drug-drug interactions: Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information.
Special populations:
- Elderly: Elderly patients are more sensitive to adverse events, particularly diarrhea, dehydration, hypokalemia, leukopenia, fatigue, and syncope.
Special handling:
- Hazardous agent: Use appropriate precautions for handling and disposal (NIOSH 2014 [group 1]).
D
Adverse events were observed in animal reproduction studies at one-tenth the equivalent human dose. Women of childbearing potential should be advised to avoid pregnancy and use effective contraception during treatment.
Canadian labeling: Use in pregnant women is contraindicated in the Canadian labeling. Males should be advised not to father children during and for up to 6 months following therapy. May cause permanent infertility in males. Prior to initiating therapy, advise males desiring to father children, to seek counseling on sperm storage.
Oxaliplatin, a platinum derivative, is an alkylating agent. Following intracellular hydrolysis, the platinum compound binds to DNA forming cross-links which inhibit DNA replication and transcription, resulting in cell death. Cytotoxicity is cell-cycle nonspecific.
Vd: 440 L
Nonenzymatic (rapid and extensive), forms active and inactive derivatives
Urine (~54%); feces (~2%)
Children: Oxaliplatin ultrafilterable platinum (terminal): Median: 293 hours; range: 187 to 662 hours (Beaty 2010)
Adults: Oxaliplatin ultrafilterable platinum: Distribution: Alpha phase: 0.4 hours; Beta phase: 16.8 hours; Terminal: 391 hours
>90% primarily albumin and gamma globulin (irreversible binding to platinum)
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience headache, constipation, abdominal pain, loss of strength and energy, lack of appetite, back pain, nausea, vomiting, mouth sores, insomnia, change in taste, or hair loss. Have patient report immediately to prescriber signs of infection, signs of bleeding (vomiting blood or vomit that looks like coffee grounds; coughing up blood; blood in the urine; black, red, or tarry stools; bleeding from the gums; abnormal vaginal bleeding; bruises without a reason or that get bigger; or any bleeding that is very bad or that will not stop), signs of liver problems (dark urine, feeling tired, lack of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain, light-colored stools, vomiting, or yellow skin or eyes), signs of fluid and electrolyte problems (mood changes, confusion, muscle pain or weakness, abnormal heartbeat, very bad dizziness or passing out, fast heartbeat, more thirst, seizures, feeling very tired or weak, not hungry, unable to pass urine or change in the amount of urine produced, dry mouth, dry eyes, or nausea or vomiting), signs of severe cerebrovascular disease (change in strength on one side is greater than the other, trouble speaking or thinking, change in balance, or change in eyesight), dysphagia, abnormal gait, difficulty with fine motor skills, severe dizziness, passing out, severe diarrhea, tachycardia, burning or numbness feeling, vision changes, hearing loss, angina, sweating a lot, flushing, edema, jaw tightness, arrhythmia, eye pain, tongue pain, severe muscle pain, severe muscle weakness, signs of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (illogical thinking, not alert, vision changes, seizures, or severe headache), signs of a severe pulmonary disorder (lung or breathing problems like trouble breathing, shortness of breath, or a cough that is new or worse), or severe injection site pain or irritation (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for healthcare professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience and judgment in diagnosing, treating and advising patients.