(deks troe am FET a meen & am FET a meen)
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD); narcolepsy
Hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to the sympathomimetic amines; advanced arteriosclerosis; symptomatic cardiovascular disease; moderate-to-severe hypertension; hyperthyroidism; hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to the sympathomimetic amines; glaucoma; agitated states; patients with a history of drug abuse; during or within 14 days following MAO inhibitor (hypertensive crisis)
Amphetamines have a high potential for abuse. Administration of amphetamines for prolonged periods of time may lead to drug dependence and must be avoided. Particular attention should be paid to the possibility of persons obtaining amphetamines for nontherapeutic use or distribution to others, and the drugs should be prescribed or dispensed sparingly.
Cardiovascular events:Misuse of amphetamines may cause sudden death and serious cardiovascular adverse events.
Note: Use lowest effective individualized dose; administer first dose as soon as awake.
ADHD: Oral:
Adderall: Initial: 5 mg once or twice daily; increase daily dose in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained; usual maximum dose: 40 mg daily given in 1 to 3 divided doses per day. Use intervals of 4 to 6 hours between additional doses.
Adderall XR: Initial: 20 mg once daily in the morning; higher doses (up to 60 mg once daily) have been evaluated; however, there is not adequate evidence that higher doses afforded additional benefit. The Canadian labeling recommends a maximum dose of 30 mg/day.
Conversion from immediate release to extended release formulation: Patients may be switched from the immediate release formulation to the extended release formulation using the same total daily dose once daily.
Narcolepsy:Adderall: Oral: Initial: 10 mg daily; increase daily dose in 10 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained; maximum dose: 60 mg daily given in 1 to 3 divided doses per day with intervals of 4 to 6 hours between doses.
Refer to adult dosing.
Note: Use lowest effective individualized dose; administer first dose as soon as awake.
ADHD: Oral:
Children: <3 years: Not recommended.
Children: 3 to 5 years (Adderall): Initial 2.5 mg once daily given every morning; increase daily dose in 2.5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained; maximum dose: 40 mg daily given in 1 to 3 divided doses per day. Use intervals of 4 to 6 hours between additional doses.
Children: 6 to 12 years:
Adderall: Initial: 5 mg once or twice daily; increase daily dose in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained; usual maximum dose: 40 mg daily given in 1 to 3 divided doses per day. Use intervals of 4 to 6 hours between additional doses.
Adderall XR: 5 to 10 mg once daily in the morning; if needed, may increase daily dose in 5 to 10 mg increments at weekly intervals (maximum dose: 30 mg daily)
Conversion from immediate release to extended release formulation: Patients may be switched from the immediate release formulation to the extended release formulation using the same total daily dose once daily.
Adolescents 13 to 17 years:
Adderall: Initial: 5 mg once or twice daily; increase daily dose in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained (usual maximum dose: 40 mg daily given in 1 to 3 divided doses); use intervals of 4 to 6 hours between additional doses.
Adderall XR: 10 mg once daily in the morning; maybe increased to 20 mg daily after 1 week if symptoms are not controlled; higher doses (up to 60 mg)/day have been evaluated; however, there is not adequate evidence that higher doses afforded additional benefit. The Canadian labeling recommends a maximum dose of 30 mg/day.
Conversion from immediate release to extended release formulation: Patients may be switched from the immediate release formulation to the extended release formulation using the same total daily dose once daily.
Narcolepsy:Adderall: Oral:
Children: 6 to 12 years: Initial: 5 mg daily; increase daily dose in 5 mg increments at weekly intervals until optimal response is obtained; maximum dose: 60 mg daily given in 1 to 3 divided doses per day with intervals of 4 to 6 hours between doses.
Children >12 years: Refer to adult dosing.
US labeling: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling.
Canadian labeling:
Mild or moderate impairment: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling.
Severe impairment: (GFR 15 to <30 mL/minute/1.73 m2): Maximum dose: 20 mg/day.
Hemodialysis: There are no specific dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling; however, the manufacturer recommends considering further dosage reductions (compared to that recommended for severe impairment). Dextroamphetamine is not dialyzable.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturer 's labeling.
May be administered without regard to meals. If possible, therapy should occasionally be interrupted to determine if continued therapy is needed.
Adderall: To avoid insomnia, late evening doses should be avoided.
Adderall XR: Administer first dose as soon as awake; should be given by noon. Capsule may be swallowed whole or it may be opened and the contents sprinkled on applesauce. Applesauce should be consumed immediately without chewing. Do not divide the contents of the capsule.
Immediate release tablets (Adderall ‚ ®): Store at 20 ‚ °C to 25 ‚ °C (68 ‚ °F to 77 ‚ °F).
Extended release capsules (Adderall XR ‚ ®): Store at 25 ‚ °C (77 ‚ °F); excursions permitted to 15 ‚ °C to 30 ‚ °C (59 ‚ °F to 86 ‚ °F).
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Capsule, extended release, oral:
Adderall XR:
5 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.25 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.25 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 1.25 mg, amphetamine sulfate 1.25 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 3.1 mg)]
10 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 2.5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 2.5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 2.5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 2.5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 6.3 mg)]
15 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.75 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.75 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 3.75 mg, amphetamine sulfate 3.75 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 9.4 mg)]
20 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 12.5 mg)]
25 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 6.25 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 6.25 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 6.25 mg, amphetamine sulfate 6.25 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 15.6 mg)]
30 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 7.5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 7.5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 7.5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 7.5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 18.8 mg)]
Generic:
5 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.25 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.25 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 1.25 mg, amphetamine sulfate 1.25 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 3.1 mg)]
10 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 2.5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 2.5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 2.5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 2.5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 6.3 mg)]
15 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.75 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.75 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 3.75 mg, amphetamine sulfate 3.75 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 9.4 mg)]
20 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 12.5 mg)]
25 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 6.25 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 6.25 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 6.25 mg, amphetamine sulfate 6.25 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 15.6 mg)]
30 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 7.5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 7.5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 7.5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 7.5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 18.8 mg)]
Tablet, oral:
Adderall:
5 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.25 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.25 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 1.25 mg, amphetamine sulfate 1.25 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 3.13 mg)]
7.5 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.875 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.875 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 1.875 mg, amphetamine sulfate 1.875 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 4.7 mg)]
10 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 2.5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 2.5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 2.5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 2.5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 6.3 mg)]
12.5 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.125 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.125 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 3.125 mg, amphetamine sulfate 3.125 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 7.8 mg)]
15 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.75 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.75 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 3.75 mg, amphetamine sulfate 3.75 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 9.4 mg)]
20 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 12.6 mg)]
30 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 7.5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 7.5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 7.5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 7.5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 18.8 mg)]
Generic:
5 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.25 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.25 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 1.25 mg, amphetamine sulfate 1.25 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 3.13 mg)]
7.5 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 1.875 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 1.875 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 1.875 mg, amphetamine sulfate 1.875 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 4.7 mg)]
10 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 2.5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 2.5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 2.5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 2.5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 6.3 mg)]
12.5 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.125 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.125 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 3.125 mg, amphetamine sulfate 3.125 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 7.8 mg)]
15 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 3.75 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 3.75 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 3.75 mg, amphetamine sulfate 3.75 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 9.4 mg)]
20 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 12.6 mg)]
30 mg [dextroamphetamine sulfate 7.5 mg, dextroamphetamine saccharate 7.5 mg, amphetamine aspartate monohydrate 7.5 mg, amphetamine sulfate 7.5 mg (equivalent to amphetamine base 18.8 mg)]
A 1 mg/mL oral suspension may be made with tablets. Crush ten 10 mg tablets in a mortar and reduce to a fine powder. Add small portions of Ora-Sweet and mix to a uniform paste; mix while adding the vehicle in equal proportions to almost 100 mL; transfer to a calibrated bottle, rinse mortar with vehicle, and add sufficient quantity of vehicle to make 100 mL. Label shake well". Stable 30 days at room temperature.
Justice J, Kupiec TC, Matthews P, et al, "Stability of Adderall in Extemporaneously Compounded Oral Liquids," Am J Health Syst Pharm, 2001, 58(15):1418-21.[PMID: 11494787]Acebrophylline: May enhance the stimulatory effect of CNS Stimulants. Avoid combination
Alkalinizing Agents: May decrease the excretion of Amphetamines. Consider therapy modification
Ammonium Chloride: May decrease the serum concentration of Amphetamines. This effect is likely due to an enhanced excretion of amphetamines in the urine. Monitor therapy
Analgesics (Opioid): Amphetamines may enhance the analgesic effect of Analgesics (Opioid). Monitor therapy
Antacids: May decrease the excretion of Amphetamines. Monitor therapy
Antihistamines: Amphetamines may diminish the sedative effect of Antihistamines. Monitor therapy
Antihypertensive Agents: Amphetamines may diminish the antihypertensive effect of Antihypertensive Agents. Monitor therapy
Antipsychotic Agents: May diminish the stimulatory effect of Amphetamines. Monitor therapy
Ascorbic Acid: May decrease the serum concentration of Amphetamines. Monitor therapy
AtoMOXetine: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. AtoMOXetine may enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy
Cannabinoid-Containing Products: May enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Exceptions: Cannabidiol. Monitor therapy
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: May decrease the excretion of Amphetamines. Exceptions: Brinzolamide; Dorzolamide. Monitor therapy
Doxofylline: Sympathomimetics may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Doxofylline. Monitor therapy
Ethosuximide: Amphetamines may diminish the therapeutic effect of Ethosuximide. Amphetamines may decrease the serum concentration of Ethosuximide. Monitor therapy
Gastrointestinal Acidifying Agents: May decrease the serum concentration of Amphetamines. Monitor therapy
Iobenguane I 123: Sympathomimetics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Iobenguane I 123. Avoid combination
Ioflupane I 123: Amphetamines may diminish the diagnostic effect of Ioflupane I 123. Monitor therapy
Linezolid: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Management: Reduce initial doses of sympathomimetic agents, and closely monitor for enhanced pressor response, in patients receiving linezolid. Specific dose adjustment recommendations are not presently available. Consider therapy modification
Lithium: May diminish the stimulatory effect of Amphetamines. Monitor therapy
MAO Inhibitors: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Amphetamines. While linezolid and tedizolid may interact via this mechanism, management recommendations differ from other monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Refer to monographs specific to those agents for details. Exceptions: Linezolid; Tedizolid. Avoid combination
Methenamine: May decrease the serum concentration of Amphetamines. This effect is likely due to an enhanced excretion of amphetamines in the urine. Monitor therapy
Multivitamins/Fluoride (with ADE): May decrease the serum concentration of Amphetamines. More specifically, the ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in many multivitamins may decrease amphetamine concentrations. Monitor therapy
Multivitamins/Minerals (with ADEK, Folate, Iron): May decrease the serum concentration of Amphetamines. Monitor therapy
Multivitamins/Minerals (with AE, No Iron): May decrease the serum concentration of Amphetamines. Specifically, vitamin C may impair absorption of amphetamines. Monitor therapy
PHENobarbital: Amphetamines may decrease the serum concentration of PHENobarbital. Monitor therapy
Phenytoin: Amphetamines may decrease the serum concentration of Phenytoin. Monitor therapy
Proton Pump Inhibitors: May increase the absorption of Amphetamine. Monitor therapy
Proton Pump Inhibitors: May increase the absorption of Dextroamphetamine. Specifically, the dextroamphetamine absorption rate from mixed amphetamine salt extended release (XR) capsules may be increased in the first hours after dosing. Monitor therapy
Sympathomimetics: May enhance the adverse/toxic effect of other Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy
Tedizolid: May enhance the hypertensive effect of Sympathomimetics. Tedizolid may enhance the tachycardic effect of Sympathomimetics. Monitor therapy
Tricyclic Antidepressants: May enhance the stimulatory effect of Amphetamines. Tricyclic Antidepressants may also potentiate the cardiovascular effects of Amphetamines. Monitor therapy
Urinary Acidifying Agents: May decrease the serum concentration of Amphetamines. Monitor therapy
CNS activity, blood pressure, pulse; height, weight, growth parameters; appetite; signs/symptoms of tolerance or dependence; signs of peripheral vasculopathy (eg, digital changes)
When used for the treatment of ADHD, perform a targeted cardiac history (eg, patient history of previously detected cardiac disease, palpitations, syncope, or seizures; family history of sudden death in children or young adults; hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; long QT syndrome) and physician examination including cardiac examination. Monitor heart rate and blood pressure (baseline; follow-up within 1 to 3 months and routinely at 6 to 12 month intervals thereafter unless clinically indicated with dose titration and weaning of therapy) Consider obtaining ECG prior to initiation (Perrin, 2008; Vetter, 2008).
May interfere with urinary steroid testing
Frequency not always defined.
Cardiovascular: Systolic hypertension (extended release; adolescents: 12% to 35%; dose related; transient), tachycardia (extended release; adults: ≤6%), palpitations (extended release: 2% to 4%), increased blood pressure, myocardial infarction, Raynauds phenomenon
Central nervous system: Insomnia (extended release: 12% to 27%), headache (extended release; adults: ≤26%), emotional lability (extended release: 2% to 9%), anxiety (extended release; adults: 8%), agitation (extended release; adults: ≤8%), dizziness (extended release: 2% to 7%), nervousness (extended release: 6%), drowsiness (extended release: 2% to 4%), speech disturbance (extended release: 2% to 4%), twitching (extended release: 2% to 4%), aggressive behavior, depression, dysphoria, euphoria, exacerbation of vocal tics, formication, irritability, outbursts of anger, overstimulation, paresthesia, psychosis, restlessness, talkativeness
Dermatologic: Diaphoresis (extended release: 2% to 4%), skin photosensitivity (extended release: 2% to 4%), alopecia, dermatillomania, skin rash, urticaria
Endocrine & metabolic: Weight loss (extended release: 4% to 10%), decreased libido (extended release: 2% to 4%), dysmenorrhea (extended release: 2% to 4%)
Gastrointestinal: Decreased appetite (extended release: 22% to 36%), xerostomia (extended release: 2% to 35%), abdominal pain (extended release: 11% to 14%), nausea (extended release: 2% to 8%), vomiting (extended release: 2% to 7%), diarrhea (extended release: 2% to 6%), constipation (extended release: 2% to 4%), dyspepsia (extended release: 2% to 4%), teeth clenching (extended release: ≤4%), tooth infection (extended release: ≤4%), anorexia (extended release: 2%), bruxism, unpleasant taste
Genitourinary: Urinary tract infection (extended release: 5%), impotence (extended release: 2% to 4%), frequent erections, prolonged erections
Hypersensitivity: Anaphylaxis, angioedema, hypersensitivity reaction
Infection: Infection (extended release: 2% to 4%)
Neuromuscular & skeletal: Dyskinesia, rhabdomyolysis, tremor
Ophthalmic: Blurred vision, mydriasis
Respiratory: Dyspnea (extended release: 2% to 4%)
Miscellaneous: Fever (extended release: 5%)
<1% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Cardiomyopathy, cerebrovascular accident, Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome (exacerbation), peripheral vascular disease, seizure, toxic epidermal necrolysis
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Cardiovascular events: [U.S. Boxed Warning]: Use has been associated with serious cardiovascular events including sudden death in patients with preexisting structural cardiac abnormalities or other serious heart problems (sudden death in children and adolescents; sudden death, stroke and MI in adults). These products should be avoided in the patients with known serious structural cardiac abnormalities, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, or other serious cardiac problems that could increase the risk of sudden death that these conditions alone carry. Patients should be carefully evaluated for cardiac disease prior to initiation of therapy. Patients who develop symptoms such as exertional chest pain, unexplained syncope, or other symptoms suggestive of cardiac disease during treatment should undergo a prompt cardiac evaluation.
- CNS effects: Amphetamines may impair the ability to engage in potentially hazardous activities.
- Peripheral vasculopathy: Stimulants are associated with peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud 's phenomenon; signs/symptoms are usually mild and intermittent, and generally improve with dose reduction or discontinuation. Digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown have been observed rarely; monitor for digital changes during therapy and seek further evaluation (eg, rheumatology) if necessary.
- Visual disturbance: Difficulty in accommodation and blurred vision has been reported with the use of stimulants.
Disease-related concerns:
- Abuse potential: [U.S. Boxed Warning]: Potential for drug dependency exists; prolonged use may lead to drug dependency. Use is contraindicated in patients with history of drug abuse. Prescriptions should be written for the smallest quantity consistent with good patient care to minimize possibility of overdose.
- Hypertension: Use with caution in patients with hypertension and other cardiovascular conditions that might be exacerbated by increases in blood pressure or heart rate. Use is contraindicated in patients with moderate to severe hypertension.
- Psychiatric disorders: Use with caution in patients with preexisting psychosis or bipolar disorder (may induce mixed/manic episode). May exacerbate symptoms of behavior and thought disorder in psychotic patients; new onset psychosis or mania may occur with stimulant use; observe for symptoms of aggression and/or hostility. Screen patients with comorbid depressive symptoms prior to initiating treatment to determine if they are at risk for bipolar disorder.
- Seizure disorder: Limited information exists regarding amphetamine use in seizure disorder (Cortese, 2013). The manufacturer recommends use with caution in patients with a history of seizure disorder; may lower seizure threshold leading to new onset or breakthrough seizure activity.
- Tourette syndrome: Use with caution in patients with Tourette syndrome; stimulants may unmask tics.
Special populations:
- Pediatric: Appetite suppression may occur; monitor weight during therapy, particularly in children. Use of stimulants has been associated with suppression of growth; monitor growth rate during treatment. Not recommended for children younger than 3 years.
Other warnings/precautions:
- Discontinuation of therapy: Abrupt discontinuation following high doses or for prolonged periods may result in symptoms for withdrawal.
C
Adverse effects have been observed in animal reproduction studies. The majority of human data is based on illicit amphetamine/methamphetamine exposure and not from therapeutic maternal use (Golub, 2005). Use of amphetamines during pregnancy may lead to an increased risk of premature birth and low birth weight; newborns may experience symptoms of withdrawal. Behavioral problems may also occur later in childhood (LaGasse, 2012).
Amphetamines are noncatecholamine, sympathomimetic amines that promote release of catecholamines (primarily dopamine and norepinephrine) from their storage sites in the presynaptic nerve terminals. A less significant mechanism may include their ability to block the reuptake of catecholamines by competitive inhibition.
Well-absorbed. Adderall XR: Food does not affect absorption but prolongs Tmax by 2 to 3 hours.
Hepatic oxidation via cytochrome P450 to 4-hydroxyamphetamine (active) norephedrine (active), and alpha-hydroxy-amphetamine with both active metabolites subsequently oxidized to 4-hydroxy-norephedrine. Cytochrome P450 2D6 is primarily responsible for the formation of 4-hydroxy-amphetamine.
Urine (highly dependent on urinary pH); excreted as unchanged amphetamine (30%, may range from ~1% in alkaline urine to ~75% in acidic urine), and derivatives of alpha-hydroxyamphetamine (50%)
Tmax: Adderall: 3 hours; Adderall XR: 7 hours
Tablet: 4 to 6 hours (Dopheide 2009)
Children 6 to 12 years: d-amphetamine: 9 hours; l-amphetamine: 11 hours
Adolescents 13 to 17 years: d-amphetamine: 11 hours; l-amphetamine: 13 to 14 hours
Adults: d-amphetamine: 10 hours; l-amphetamine: 13 hours
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience abdominal pain, lack of appetite, insomnia, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth, bad taste in mouth, or weight loss. Have patient report immediately to prescriber signs of severe cerebrovascular disease (change in strength on one side is greater than the other, trouble speaking or thinking, change in balance, or change in eyesight), angina, shortness of breath, severe dizziness, passing out, tachycardia, severe anxiety, severe headache, sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, arrhythmia, seizures, abnormal movements, agitation, vision changes, priapism, change in color of hands or feet from pale to blue or red, burning or numbness of hands or feet, temperature sensitivity, wounds on fingers or toes, dark urine, change in amount of urine passed, muscle pain, signs of depression (suicidal ideation, anxiety, emotional instability, illogical thinking), hallucinations, or behavioral changes (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for healthcare professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience and judgment in diagnosing, treating and advising patients.