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Erosive esophagitis: Healing of all grades of erosive esophagitis in patients ≥12 years for up to 8 weeks (capsules only); to maintain healing of erosive esophagitis and relief of heartburn for up to 6 months in adults and 16 weeks in patients 12 to 17 years of age.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease: Treatment of heartburn associated with symptomatic nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in patients ≥12 years for 4 weeks.
Known hypersensitivity (eg, anaphylaxis, acute interstitial nephritis) to dexlansoprazole or any component of the formulation; concomitant use with products that contain rilpivirine.
Note: Doses >30 mg do not provide additional benefit during maintenance phase. Two 30 mg orally disintegrating tablets are NOT interchangeable with one 60 mg delayed-release capsule.
Erosive esophagitis: Oral:
Healing: Capsules: 60 mg once daily for up to 8 weeks.
Maintenance: Capsules and tablets (orally disintegrating): 30 mg once daily for up to 6 months. The Canadian labeling states that a maintenance dose of 60 mg may be used in patients with moderate or severe erosive esophagitis.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, symptomatic: Oral: Capsules and tablets (orally disintegrating): 30 mg once daily for 4 weeks.
Missed doses: If a dose is missed, administer as soon as possible; however, if the next scheduled dose is due, take the next dose on time and do not take the missed dose (do not take 2 doses at one time to make up for a missed dose).
Refer to adult dosing.
Note: Doses >30 mg do not provide additional benefit during maintenance phase. Two 30 mg orally disintegrating tablets are NOT interchangeable with one 60 mg delayed-release capsule.
Erosive esophagitis: Oral:
Healing: Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Capsules: Refer to adult dosing.
Maintenance: Children ≥12 years and Adolescents ≤17 years: Capsules and tablets (orally disintegrating): 30 mg once daily for up to 16 weeks.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease, symptomatic: Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Oral: Capsules and tablets (orally disintegrating): Refer to adult dosing.
Missed doses: Refer to adult dosing.
There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturers labeling (has not been studied); however, the pharmacokinetics of dexlansoprazole are not expected to be altered in patients with renal impairment.
Hemodialysis: Dexlansoprazole is not expected to be removed by hemodialysis.
Mild impairment (Child-Pugh class A): No dosage adjustment necessary.
Moderate impairment (Child-Pugh class B):
Healing of erosive esophagitis: Capsules and tablets (orally disintegrating): 30 mg once daily for up to 8 weeks.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease or erosive esophagitis maintenance: There are no dosage adjustments provided in the manufacturers US labeling. The Canadian labeling recommends considering a maximum daily dose of 30 mg.
Severe impairment (Child-Pugh class C): Use is not recommended.
Capsules: Administer without regard to meals; capsules should be swallowed whole; do not chew. Alternatively, patients who are unable to swallow capsules may open the capsule, sprinkle the intact granules onto 1 tablespoon of applesauce, and swallow intact granules immediately (do not chew granules). Do not save applesauce and granule mixture for later use. Capsules may also be opened for administration via NG tube or oral syringe.
NG tube ( ≥16 French): Open capsules and mix granules (not crushed) with 20 mL of water. Withdraw entire mixture into catheter-tip syringe; swirl syringe gently to prevent granules from settling and administer mixture immediately through NG tube ( ≥16 French) into the stomach. Refill syringe with 10 mL of water, swirl gently, and flush NG tube; repeat (with a second rinse). Do not save water and granule mixture for later use.
Oral syringe: Open capsules and mix granules (not crushed) with 20 mL of water. Withdraw entire mixture into oral syringe; swirl syringe gently to prevent granules from settling and administer mixture immediately into the mouth. Refill syringe with 10 mL of water, swirl gently, and administer; repeat (with a second rinse). Do not save water and granule mixture for later use.
Orally disintegrating tablets: Administer at least 30 minutes before a meal; do not break or cut tablet. Place tablet on tongue, allow to disintegrate and swallow microgranules without water and without chewing; may also swallow tablet whole with water. Avoid the use of alcohol when taking orally disintegrating tablets. Tablets may also be administered via NG tube or oral syringe.
NG tube ( ≥8 French): Place one tablet in a catheter-tip syringe and draw up 20 mL of water; shake gently for quick dispersal, then swirl catheter-tip syringe gently to prevent microgranules from settling and administer mixture immediately through NG ( ≥8 French) tube into the stomach. Refill syringe with 10 mL of water, swirl gently, and flush NG tube; repeat (with a second rinse). Do not save water and microgranule mixture for later use.
Oral syringe: Place one tablet in oral syringe and draw up 20 mL of water and gently swirl for quick dispersal; after tablet has dispersed, administer contents immediately into the mouth. Refill syringe with 10 mL of water, swirl gently, and administer; repeat (with a second rinse). Do not save water and microgranule mixture for later use.
Store at 20 ‚ °C to 25 ‚ °C (68 ‚ °F to 77 ‚ °F); excursions are permitted to 15 ‚ °C to 30 ‚ °C (59 ‚ °F to 86 ‚ °F).
Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.
Capsule Delayed Release, Oral:
Dexilant: 30 mg, 60 mg [contains fd&c blue #2 aluminum lake]
Alcohol (Ethyl): May decrease the serum concentration of Dexlansoprazole. Avoid combination
Amphetamine: Proton Pump Inhibitors may increase the absorption of Amphetamine. Monitor therapy
Atazanavir: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Atazanavir. Management: See full drug interaction monograph for details. Consider therapy modification
Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Proton Pump Inhibitors may diminish the therapeutic effect of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Monitor therapy
Bosutinib: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Bosutinib. Management: Consider alternatives to proton pump inhibitors, such as antacids or H2 receptor antagonists. Administer alternative agents more than 2 hours before or after bosutinib. Consider therapy modification
Cefditoren: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Cefditoren. Management: If possible, avoid use of cefditoren with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Consider alternative methods to minimize/control acid reflux (eg, diet modification) or alternative antimicrobial therapy if use of PPIs can not be avoided. Consider therapy modification
Clopidogrel: Dexlansoprazole may decrease serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Clopidogrel. Management: Due to the possible risk for impaired clopidogrel effectiveness, clinicians should carefully consider the need for proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients receiving clopidogrel. Other acid-lowering therapies do not appear to share this interaction. Consider therapy modification
Cysteamine (Systemic): Proton Pump Inhibitors may diminish the therapeutic effect of Cysteamine (Systemic). Monitor therapy
Dabigatran Etexilate: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Dabigatran Etexilate. Monitor therapy
Dabrafenib: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Dabrafenib. Dabrafenib may decrease the serum concentration of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Management: Seek alternatives to the proton pump inhibitor when possible. If concomitant therapy cannot be avoided, monitor for diminished effects of both drugs. Consider therapy modification
Dasatinib: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Dasatinib. Management: Antacids (taken 2 hours before or after dasatinib administration) can be used in place of the proton pump inhibitor if some acid-reducing therapy is needed. Avoid combination
Delavirdine: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Delavirdine. Management: Chronic therapy with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) should be avoided in patients treated with delavirdine. The clinical significance of short-term PPI therapy with delavirdine is uncertain, but such therapy should be undertaken with caution. Avoid combination
Dexmethylphenidate: Proton Pump Inhibitors may increase the absorption of Dexmethylphenidate. Specifically, proton pump inhibitors may interfere with the normal release of drug from the extended-release capsules (Focalin XR brand), which could result in both increased absorption (early) and decreased delayed absorption. Monitor therapy
Dextroamphetamine: Proton Pump Inhibitors may increase the absorption of Dextroamphetamine. Specifically, the dextroamphetamine absorption rate from mixed amphetamine salt extended release (XR) capsules may be increased in the first hours after dosing. Monitor therapy
Erlotinib: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Erlotinib. Avoid combination
Fluconazole: May increase the serum concentration of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Monitor therapy
Gefitinib: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Gefitinib. Management: Avoid use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with gefitinib when possible. If required, administer gefitinib 12 hours after administration of the PPI or 12 hours before the next dose of the PPI. Consider therapy modification
Indinavir: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Indinavir. Monitor therapy
Iron Salts: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the absorption of Iron Salts. Exceptions: Ferric Carboxymaltose; Ferric Citrate; Ferric Gluconate; Ferric Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex; Ferric Pyrophosphate Citrate; Ferumoxytol; Iron Dextran Complex; Iron Sucrose. Monitor therapy
Itraconazole: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Itraconazole. Consider therapy modification
Ketoconazole (Systemic): Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Ketoconazole (Systemic). Ketoconazole (Systemic) may increase the serum concentration of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Consider therapy modification
Ledipasvir: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Ledipasvir. Management: Avoid the use of PPIs at doses greater than the equivalent of omeprazole 20 mg, avoid administration of PPIs within 2 hours prior to ledipasvir dosing, and avoid use of PPIs in combination with food. Consider therapy modification
Mesalamine: Proton Pump Inhibitors may diminish the therapeutic effect of Mesalamine. Proton pump inhibitor-mediated increases in gastrointestinal pH may cause the premature release of mesalamine from specific sustained-release mesalamine products. Management: Consider avoiding concurrent administration of high-dose proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) with sustained-release mesalamine products. Consider therapy modification
Methotrexate: Proton Pump Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Methotrexate. Monitor therapy
Methylphenidate: Proton Pump Inhibitors may increase the absorption of Methylphenidate. Specifically, proton pump inhibitors may interfere with the normal release of drug from the extended-release capsules (Ritalin LA brand), which could result in both increased absorption (early) and decreased delayed absorption. Monitor therapy
Multivitamins/Minerals (with ADEK, Folate, Iron): Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Multivitamins/Minerals (with ADEK, Folate, Iron). Specifically, the absorption of iron may be decreased. Monitor therapy
Mycophenolate: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Mycophenolate. Specifically, concentrations of the active mycophenolic acid may be reduced. Monitor therapy
Nelfinavir: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease serum concentrations of the active metabolite(s) of Nelfinavir. Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Nelfinavir. Avoid combination
Nilotinib: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Nilotinib. Management: Avoid this combination when possible since separation of doses is not likely to be an adequate method of minimizing the interaction. Consider therapy modification
PAZOPanib: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of PAZOPanib. Avoid combination
Posaconazole: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Posaconazole. Consider therapy modification
Raltegravir: Proton Pump Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Raltegravir. Monitor therapy
Rilpivirine: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Rilpivirine. Avoid combination
Riociguat: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Riociguat. Monitor therapy
Risedronate: Proton Pump Inhibitors may diminish the therapeutic effect of Risedronate. Proton Pump Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Risedronate. This applies specifically to use of delayed-release risedronate. Avoid combination
Saquinavir: Proton Pump Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Saquinavir. Monitor therapy
Tacrolimus (Systemic): Proton Pump Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Tacrolimus (Systemic). Management: Tacrolimus dose adjustment may be required. Rabeprazole, pantoprazole, or selected H2-receptor antagonists (i.e., ranitidine or famotidine) may be less likely to interact. Genetic testing may predict patients at highest risk. Consider therapy modification
Tipranavir: May decrease the serum concentration of Proton Pump Inhibitors. These data are derived from studies with Ritonavir-boosted Tipranavir. Monitor therapy
Velpatasvir: Proton Pump Inhibitors may decrease the serum concentration of Velpatasvir. Avoid combination
Voriconazole: May increase the serum concentration of Proton Pump Inhibitors. Proton Pump Inhibitors may increase the serum concentration of Voriconazole. Management: In patients receiving omeprazole 40 mg/day or greater, reduce omeprazole dose by half when initiating voriconazole. Monitor therapy
Magnesium levels (prior to initiation of therapy and periodically thereafter) in patients on long-term treatment or those taking digoxin, diuretics, or other drugs that cause hypomagnesemia.
Decreases in gastric acidity may result in secondary elevation of serum chromogranin A (CgA) levels. The increased CgA level may cause false-positive results in the diagnosis of a neuroendocrine tumor. Temporarily stop dexlansoprazole at least 14 days prior to assessing CgA level; repeat level if initially elevated; use the same laboratory for all testing of CgA levels (reference ranges may vary).
2% to 10%:
Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea (5%), abdominal pain (4%), nausea (3%), flatulence (1% to 3%), vomiting (1% to 2%)
Respiratory: Upper respiratory tract infection (2% to 3%)
<2% (Limited to important or life-threatening): Abdominal distress, abnormal bowel sounds, abnormal dreams, abnormal stools, acne vulgaris, acute renal failure, anaphylaxis, anemia, angina pectoris, anorectal pain, anxiety, arthralgia, arthritis, aspiration, asthma, auditory hallucination, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Barretts esophagus, bezoar formation, biliary colic, blurred vision, bone fracture, bradycardia, bronchitis, cardiac arrhythmia, cerebrovascular accident, change in libido, chest pain, chills, cholecystitis (acute), cholelithiasis, chronic renal disease (Lazarus 2016), Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea, colitis (microscopic), colonic polyps, constipation, constriction of the pharynx, cough, deafness, decreased serum bilirubin, deep vein thrombosis, delayed gastric emptying, depression, dermatitis, diabetes mellitus, dizziness, duodenitis, dysgeusia, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, dyspepsia, dysphagia, dyspnea, dysuria, edema (including oral, facial, and pharyngeal), enteritis, eructation, erythema, esophagitis, eye irritation, feeling abnormal, fever, gastric polyp, gastritis, gastroenteritis, gastrointestinal hypermotility, gastrointestinal perforation, gastrointestinal ulcer, goiter, halitosis, headache, hematemesis, hematochezia, hemorrhoids, hepatitis, hepatomegaly, hepatotoxicity (idiosyncratic) (Chalasani 2014), hiccups, hot flash, hypercalcemia, hyperglycemia, hyperkalemia, hyperlipidemia, hypermenorrhea, hypersensitivity, hypersensitivity angiitis, hypertension, hyperventilation, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypothyroidism, immune thrombocytopenia, increased serum alkaline phosphatase, increased serum ALT, increased serum AST, increased serum bilirubin, increased serum creatinine, infection (Candida, herpes, influenza, vaginal, viral), insomnia, irritable bowel syndrome, joint sprain, lymphadenopathy, memory impairment, migraine, mucositis, mucus stools, myalgia, myocardial infarction, nasopharyngitis, neutropenia, nodule, oral bullae, otalgia, pain, painful defecation, palpitations, pancreatitis, paresthesia, pathological fracture due to osteoporosis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, proctitis, pruritus, psychomotor agitation, rectal hemorrhage, seizure, sinusitis, skin lesion, skin rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, sunburn, swelling of eye, tachycardia, thrombocytopenia, tinnitus, toxic epidermal necrolysis, transient ischemic attacks, tremor, urinary urgency, urticaria, vertigo, voice disorder, weakness, weight gain, xerostomia
Plasma exposure to the drug is ~2 times greater in patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B) compared with subjects with normal hepatic function.
The elimination half-life is increased and AUC is higher in the elderly.
Systemic exposure is 43% higher in females than in males.
Concerns related to adverse effects:
- Atrophic gastritis: Long-term omeprazole therapy has caused atrophic gastritis (by biopsy); this may also occur with dexlansoprazole.
- Carcinoma: No occurrences of enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell carcinoids, dysplasia, or neoplasia (such as those seen in studies of rodents exposed to lansoprazole) have been reported in humans.
- Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea (CDAD): Use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) may increase risk of CDAD, especially in hospitalized patients; consider CDAD diagnosis in patients with persistent diarrhea that does not improve. Use the lowest dose and shortest duration of PPI therapy appropriate for the condition being treated.
- Fractures: Increased incidence of osteoporosis-related bone fractures of the hip, spine, or wrist may occur with PPI therapy. Patients on high-dose (multiple daily doses) or long-term therapy ( ≥1 year) should be monitored. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration of time, use vitamin D and calcium supplementation, and follow appropriate guidelines to reduce risk of fractures in patients at risk.
- Hypomagnesemia: Reported rarely, usually with prolonged PPI use of >3 months (most cases >1 year of therapy). May be symptomatic or asymptomatic; severe cases may cause tetany, seizures, and cardiac arrhythmias. Consider obtaining serum magnesium concentrations prior to beginning long-term therapy, especially if taking concomitant digoxin, diuretics, or other drugs known to cause hypomagnesemia; and periodically thereafter. Hypomagnesemia may be corrected by magnesium supplementation, although discontinuation of dexlansoprazole may be necessary; magnesium levels typically return to normal within 1 week of stopping.
- Interstitial nephritis: Acute interstitial nephritis has been observed in patients taking PPIs; may occur at any time during therapy and is generally due to an idiopathic hypersensitivity reaction. Discontinue if acute interstitial nephritis develops.
- Vitamin B12 deficiency: Prolonged treatment ( ≥2 years) may lead to vitamin B12 malabsorption and subsequent vitamin B12 deficiency. The magnitude of the deficiency is dose related and the association is stronger in females and those younger in age (<30 years); prevalence is decreased after discontinuation of therapy (Lam 2013).
Disease-related concerns:
- Gastric malignancy: Relief of symptoms does not preclude the presence of a gastric malignancy.
- Gastrointestinal infection (eg, Salmonella, Campylobacter): Use of PPIs may increase risk of these infections.
- Hepatic impairment: Patients with moderate hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class B) may require dosage reductions; use is not recommended in patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class C).
Concurrent drug therapy issues:
- Clopidogrel: PPIs may diminish the therapeutic effect of clopidogrel, thought to be due to reduced formation of the active metabolite of clopidogrel. The manufacturer of clopidogrel recommends either avoidance of both omeprazole (even when scheduled 12 hours apart) and esomeprazole or use of a PPI with comparatively less effect on the active metabolite of clopidogrel (eg, pantoprazole). Although lansoprazole exhibits the most potent CYP2C19 inhibition in vitro (Li 2004; Ogilvie 2011), an in vivo study of extensive CYP2C19 metabolizers showed less reduction of the active metabolite of clopidogrel when administered with lansoprazole/dexlansoprazole compared to esomeprazole/omeprazole (Frelinger 2012). In contrast to these warnings, others have recommended the continued use of PPIs, regardless of the degree of inhibition, in patients with a history of GI bleeding or multiple risk factors for GI bleeding who are also receiving clopidogrel since no evidence has established clinically meaningful differences in outcome; however, a clinically significant interaction cannot be excluded in those who are poor metabolizers of clopidogrel (Abraham 2010; Levine 2011). The manufacturer of dexlansoprazole states that no dosage adjustment is necessary for clopidogrel when used concurrently with approved doses.
- Drug-drug interactions: Potentially significant interactions may exist, requiring dose or frequency adjustment, additional monitoring, and/or selection of alternative therapy. Consult drug interactions database for more detailed information.
Other warnings/precautions:
- Laboratory test interference: Serum chromogranin A (CgA) levels increase secondary to drug-induced decreases in gastric acid; may cause false-positive results in diagnostic investigations for neuroendocrine tumors. Temporarily stop dexlansoprazole treatment at least 14 days before CgA test; if CgA level is high, repeat test to confirm. Use same commercial laboratory for testing to prevent variable results.
Adverse events have not been observed in animal reproduction studies. Dexlansoprazole is the R-enantiomer of lansoprazole. Information related to dexlansoprazole in pregnancy has not been located. Refer to the lansoprazole monograph for additional information. When treating GERD in pregnancy, PPIs may be used when clinically indicated (Katz 2013).
Proton pump inhibitor; decreases acid secretion in gastric parietal cells through inhibition of (H+, K+)-ATPase enzyme system, blocking the final step in gastric acid production
Vd: Symptomatic GERD: 40 L
Hepatic (extensive) via CYP2C19-mediated hydroxylation and CYP3A4-mediated oxidation; followed by reduction to sulfate, glucuronide, and glutathione conjugates (inactive)
Urine (~51% as metabolites); feces (~48%)
Serum:
Capsules: Note: Two distinct peaks secondary to dual release formulation: Initial peak between 1 and 2 hours and a second higher peak between 4 and 5 hours.
Orally disintegrating tablets: 1 to 6 hours.
~1 to 2 hours
96% to 99%
- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)
- Patient may experience nausea, vomiting, flatulence, or signs of common cold. Have patient report immediately to prescriber signs of low magnesium (mood changes; muscle pain or weakness; muscle cramps or spasms; seizures; tremors; lack of appetite; severe nausea or vomiting; or an abnormal heartbeat), signs of kidney problems (urinary retention, blood in urine, change in amount of urine passed, or weight gain), dizziness, passing out, tachycardia, bone pain, severe diarrhea, severe abdominal pain, severe abdominal cramps, bloody diarrhea, or signs of Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (red, swollen, blistered, or peeling skin [with or without fever]; red or irritated eyes; or sores in mouth, throat, nose, or eyes) (HCAHPS).
- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.
Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for healthcare professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience and judgment in diagnosing, treating and advising patients.