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Calcium Citrate


General


Pronunciation

(KAL see um SIT rate)


Brand Names: U.S.

  • Cal-Citrate [OTC]
  • Calcitrate [OTC]

Indications


Use: Labeled Indications

Dietary supplement


Contraindications


Hypersensitivity to any component of the formulation


Dosing and Administration


Dosing: Adult

Oral: Dosage is in terms of elemental calcium

Dietary Reference Intake for Calcium:

Adults, Females/Males: RDA:

19-50 years: 1000 mg/day

≥51 years, females: 1200 mg/day

51-70 years, males: 1000 mg/day

Females: Pregnancy/Lactating: RDA: Requirements are the same as in nonpregnant or nonlactating females


Dosing: Geriatric

Dietary Reference Intake for Calcium: RDA:

Females: Refer to adult dosing.

Males ≤70 years: Refer to adult dosing.

Males >70 years: 1200 mg/day


Dosing: Pediatric

Oral: Dosage is in terms of elemental calcium

Dietary Reference Intake for Calcium:

1-6 months: Adequate intake: 200 mg/day

7-12 months: Adequate intake: 260 mg/day

1-3 years: RDA: 700 mg/day

4-8 years: RDA: 1000 mg/day

9-18 years: RDA: 1300 mg/day

Females: Pregnancy/Lactating: RDA: Requirements are the same as in nonpregnant or nonlactating females


Storage

Store at room temperature.


Dosage Forms/Strengths


Dosage Forms

Excipient information presented when available (limited, particularly for generics); consult specific product labeling.

Capsule, Oral [preservative free]:

Cal-Citrate: 150 mg [dye free]

Granules, Oral:

Generic: 760 mg/3.5 g (480 g)

Tablet, Oral:

Generic: 250 mg, 950 mg, 1040 mg

Tablet, Oral [preservative free]:

Calcitrate: 950 mg [lactose free, milk derivatives/products, no artificial color(s), no artificial flavor(s), sodium free, soy free, sugar free, wheat free, yeast free]


Drug Interactions

Alpha-Lipoic Acid: Calcium Salts may decrease the absorption of Alpha-Lipoic Acid. Alpha-Lipoic Acid may decrease the absorption of Calcium Salts. Consider therapy modification

Aluminum Hydroxide: Citric Acid Derivatives may increase the absorption of Aluminum Hydroxide. Consider therapy modification

Bisphosphonate Derivatives: Calcium Salts may decrease the serum concentration of Bisphosphonate Derivatives. Management: Avoid administration of oral calcium supplements within: 2 hours before or after tiludronate/clodronate/etidronate; 60 minutes after oral ibandronate; or 30 minutes after alendronate/risedronate. Exceptions: Pamidronate; Zoledronic Acid. Consider therapy modification

Calcium Acetate: Calcium Salts may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Calcium Acetate. Avoid combination

Calcium Channel Blockers: Calcium Salts may diminish the therapeutic effect of Calcium Channel Blockers. Monitor therapy

Cardiac Glycosides: Calcium Salts may enhance the arrhythmogenic effect of Cardiac Glycosides. Monitor therapy

Deferiprone: Calcium Salts may decrease the serum concentration of Deferiprone. Management: Separate administration of deferiprone and oral medications or supplements that contain polyvalent cations by at least 4 hours. Consider therapy modification

DOBUTamine: Calcium Salts may diminish the therapeutic effect of DOBUTamine. Monitor therapy

Dolutegravir: Calcium Salts may decrease the serum concentration of Dolutegravir. Management: Administer dolutegravir at least 2 hours before or 6 hours after oral calcium. Alternatively, dolutegravir and oral calcium can be taken together with food. Consider therapy modification

Eltrombopag: Calcium Salts may decrease the serum concentration of Eltrombopag. Management: Administer eltrombopag at least 2 hours before or 4 hours after oral administration of any calcium-containing product. Consider therapy modification

Estramustine: Calcium Salts may decrease the absorption of Estramustine. Consider therapy modification

Multivitamins/Fluoride (with ADE): May increase the serum concentration of Calcium Salts. Calcium Salts may decrease the serum concentration of Multivitamins/Fluoride (with ADE). More specifically, calcium salts may impair the absorption of fluoride. Management: Avoid eating or drinking dairy products or consuming vitamins or supplements with calcium salts one hour before or after of the administration of fluoride. Consider therapy modification

Multivitamins/Minerals (with ADEK, Folate, Iron): May increase the serum concentration of Calcium Salts. Monitor therapy

Phosphate Supplements: Calcium Salts may decrease the absorption of Phosphate Supplements. Management: This applies only to oral phosphate and calcium administration. Administering oral phosphate supplements as far apart from the administration of an oral calcium salt as possible may be able to minimize the significance of the interaction. Exceptions: Sodium Glycerophosphate Pentahydrate. Consider therapy modification

Quinolone Antibiotics: Calcium Salts may decrease the absorption of Quinolone Antibiotics. Of concern only with oral administration of both agents. Exceptions: LevoFLOXacin (Oral Inhalation); Moxifloxacin (Systemic). Consider therapy modification

Strontium Ranelate: Calcium Salts may decrease the serum concentration of Strontium Ranelate. Management: Separate administration of strontium ranelate and oral calcium salts by at least 2 hours in order to minimize this interaction. Consider therapy modification

Tetracycline Derivatives: Calcium Salts may decrease the serum concentration of Tetracycline Derivatives. Management: If coadministration of oral calcium with oral tetracyclines can not be avoided, consider separating administration of each agent by several hours. Consider therapy modification

Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics: May decrease the excretion of Calcium Salts. Continued concomitant use can also result in metabolic alkalosis. Monitor therapy

Thyroid Products: Calcium Salts may diminish the therapeutic effect of Thyroid Products. Management: Separate the doses of the thyroid product and the oral calcium supplement by at least 4 hours. Consider therapy modification

Trientine: Calcium Salts may decrease the serum concentration of Trientine. Trientine may decrease the serum concentration of Calcium Salts. Consider therapy modification

Vitamin D Analogs: Calcium Salts may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Vitamin D Analogs. Monitor therapy


Adverse Reactions


Frequency not defined. Mild hypercalcemia (calcium: >10.5 mg/dL) may be asymptomatic or manifest as anorexia, constipation, nausea, and vomiting. More severe hypercalcemia (calcium: >12 mg/dL) is associated with coma, confusion, delirium, and stupor.

Central nervous system: Headache

Endocrine & metabolic: Hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, increased thirst

Gastrointestinal: Abdominal pain, anorexia, constipation, nausea, vomiting


Warnings/Precautions


Concerns related to adverse effects:

- Gastrointestinal effects: Constipation, bloating, and gas are common with calcium supplements (especially carbonate salt).

Disease-related concerns:

- Achlorhydria: Calcium absorption is impaired in achlorhydria; common in elderly. Citrate may be preferred because better absorbed.

- Hypoparathyroid disease: Hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria are most likely to occur in hypoparathyroid patients receiving high doses of vitamin D.

- Kidney stones (calcium-containing): Use caution when administering calcium supplements to patients with a history of kidney stones.

- Renal impairment: Use with caution in patients with renal failure to avoid hypercalcemia; frequent monitoring of serum calcium and phosphorus is necessary.

Concurrent drug therapy issues:

- Minerals/other oral drugs: Calcium administration interferes with absorption of some minerals and drugs; use with caution.

- Vitamin D: It is recommended to concomitantly administer vitamin D for optimal calcium absorption.

Other warnings/precautions:

- Absorption: Taking calcium ( ≤500 mg) with food improves absorption.

- Appropriate product selection: Multiple salt forms of calcium exist; close attention must be paid to the salt form when ordering and administering calcium; incorrect selection or substitution of one salt for another without proper dosage adjustment may result in serious over or under dosing.


Pregnancy Considerations

Calcium crosses the placenta. Intestinal absorption of calcium increases during pregnancy. The amount of calcium reaching the fetus is determined by maternal physiological changes. Calcium requirements are the same in pregnant and nonpregnant females (IOM, 2011).


Actions


Pharmacology

Moderates nerve and muscle performance via action potential excitation threshold regulation


Absorption

25% to 35%, requires vitamin D; varies with age (infants 60%, prepubertal children 28%, pubertal children 34%, young adults 25%); decreased absorption occurs in patients with achlorhydria, renal osteodystrophy, steatorrhea, or uremia


Excretion

Primarily in the feces as unabsorbed calcium


Protein Binding

45%


Patient and Family Education


Patient Education

- Discuss specific use of drug and side effects with patient as it relates to treatment. (HCAHPS: During this hospital stay, were you given any medicine that you had not taken before? Before giving you any new medicine, how often did hospital staff tell you what the medicine was for? How often did hospital staff describe possible side effects in a way you could understand?)

- Patient may experience abdominal pain or flatulence. Have patient report immediately to prescriber severe nausea, severe vomiting, severe constipation, or confusion (HCAHPS).

- Educate patient about signs of a significant reaction (eg, wheezing; chest tightness; fever; itching; bad cough; blue skin color; seizures; or swelling of face, lips, tongue, or throat). Note: This is not a comprehensive list of all side effects. Patient should consult prescriber for additional questions.

Intended Use and Disclaimer: Should not be printed and given to patients. This information is intended to serve as a concise initial reference for healthcare professionals to use when discussing medications with a patient. You must ultimately rely on your own discretion, experience and judgment in diagnosing, treating and advising patients.

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